Review

Abstract. The article is devoted to researching the experience of building juvenile justice in Canada and analyzing it’s role in the development of juvenile justice in Ukraine. Today, our state is actively building a system of juvenile justice and borrowing the experience of states that have been creating child-friendly justice for many decades, and the Ukrainian system will need it very much. Studying the best world practices will make it possible to improve one’s own system, and Canada is one of the countries that has created effective juvenile justice. Thus, the purpose of the article is to analyze the history of the formation of juvenile justice in Canada and its role for Ukraine. The article concludes that Canada’s juvenile justice system has many years of experience, during which norms that work best in the field of juvenile justice have been tested. In Canada, there is no «punitive» approach to juvenile offenders. Such a system found its manifestation in Ukraine and continues to develop. In Canada, significant attention is paid to the prevention of juvenile delinquency, which helps to reduce the crime rate. Ukraine also pays attention to this, but not at a sufficient level, so this aspect needs additional regulation by developing effective mechanisms for the prevention of crime among minors. The Canadian experience shows that it is necessary to pay attention not only to the juvenile offender, but also to the victims and witnesses who are participants in criminal proceedings. In Ukraine, insufficient attention is paid to this issue, but development in this area is necessary for restorative justice. Key words: juvenile justice, juveniles, restorative justice, history of juvenile justice development, child-friendly justice.   REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION

1. Child and youth victims of police-reported violent crime (2008) 23 Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics accessed 20.05.2021.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Nicholas Bala and Julian V. Roberts, International handbook of juvenile justice. Canada’s Juvenile Justice System: Promoting Community-Based Responses to Youth Crime 37–65.
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-protsesualni pravovidnosyny: struktura i systema [Criminal procedural legal relations: structure and system: monograph] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD 2002) 160 [in Ukrainian].
3. Shahid Alvi, Youth Criminal Justice Policy in Canada. A Critical Introduction (2012) 88.

ARTICLES

1. Bala N, Carrington P, Roberts J, Evaluating the youth criminal justice act after five years: a qualified success (2009) 2 (51) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 131–167.
2. Bala N, Young offenders law (1997) Irwin Law 344.
3. Bala N, Hornick J P, Snyder H N, Paetsch J J. (Eds.) (2002) Juvenile Justice Systems: An International Comparison of Problems and Solutions. Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Publishing.
4. Barber J, Doob A, An analysis of public support for severity and proportionality in the sentencing of youthful offenders (2004) 46(3) Criminol Crime Justice 327–328.
5. Dmytryshyna T, Yuvenalna yustytsiia: mizhnarodnyi dosvid ta perspektyvy yoho vprovadzhennia v Ukraini [Juvenile justice: international experience and prospects for its implementation in Ukraine] (2021) 1 Pidpryiemnytstvo, hospodarstvo i pravo data zvernennia 13.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
6. Gagnon D, History of the law for juvenile delinquents (1984) Ministry of the solicitor general of Canada, government working paper 56.
7. Hylton J H, Get tough or get smart? Options for Canada’s youth justice system in the twenty-first century (1994) 3 (36) Canadian Journal of Criminology 229–246.
8. Latimer J, Desjardins N, The 2008 national justice survey: tackling crime and public confidence. Department of Justice (Canada. 2008).
9. Leschied AW, Gendreau P, Doing justice in Canada: YOA policies that can promote community safety. (1994) 3 (36) Canadian Journal of Criminology 291–303.
10. Pohoretskyi M, Poniattia, zmist ta struktura kryminalnoho protsesu: problemy teorii ta praktyky [The concept, content and structure of the criminal process: problems of theory and practice] (2013) Pravo Ukrainy 42–54 [in Ukrainian].
11. Pohoretskyi M A, Poniattia kryminalno-protsesualnykh harantii [The concept of criminal procedural guarantees] (2014) 2 (10) Chasopys Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Seriia: Pravo data zvernennia: 21.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
12. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-prots esualna forma [Criminal procedural form] (2012) 2 Visnyk Zaporizkoho yurydychnoho instytutu DDUVS 144–151 [in Ukrainian].
13. Pohoretskyi M A, Mekhanizm zabezpechennia prav uchasnykiv kryminalnoho protsesu [The mechanism for ensuring the rights of participants in the criminal process] (2012) 4 Visnyk Zaporizkoho yurydychnoho instytutu DDUVS 93–101 [in Ukrainian].
14. Pohoretskyi M A, Serhieieva D B, Problemni pytannia realizatsii protsesualnoho statusu poterpiloho u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Problematic issues of implementation of the procedural status of the victim in criminal proceedings] (2017) 46 (2) Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Pravo 118–123 [in Ukrainian].
15. Pulis J E, Sprott J B, Probation sentences and proportionality under the young offenders act and the youth criminal justice act. (2005) 4 (47) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 709–723.
16. Reformuvannia yuvenalnoi yustytsii v Ukraini [Reforming juvenile justice in Ukraine] data zvernennia 20.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
17. Stratehiia reformuvannia pravosuddia dlia ditei [Justice reform strategy for children] 2018 data zvernennia 20.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
18. Tustin L, Lutes R, A guide to the Youth Criminal Justice Act‑2008/09 edition. Lexis Nexis Canada Inc, Markham (2008).
19. Vasylenko Yu. Yuvenalna probatsiia za zakonodavstvom Ukrainy ta Kanady (porivnialno-pravovyi aspekt) [Juvenile probation under the legislation of Ukraine and Canada (comparative legal aspect)] (2020) 4 Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Ser.: Yurysprudentsiia data zvernennia 13.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
20. West W G, Young offenders and the state: a Canadian perspective on delinquency. Butterworths, Toronto (1984) Butterworth Legal Publishers 269.