Review

Annotation. The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of operational and investigative characteristics of espionage. The purpose of the article is to analyze the doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concept, content and structural elements of the operational and investigative characteristic of espionage and to formulate the author’s own definition of the concept of operational and investigative characteristic of espionage, and to reveal its content and structural elements of this characteristic. The article substantiates that the operational and investigative characteristics of espionage are an important component of its operational and investigative documentation. The importance of the operational and investigative characteristic of espionage is to create a certain information model, with the help of which operatives have the opportunity to obtain knowledge of the actual data subject to operational and investigative documentation in the course of relevant operational and investigative measures. Investigating the genesis of the term «operational and investigative characterization of crimes», the article concludes that this term is derived from the term «forensic characterization of crime». It is emphasized that the peculiarity of the operational and investigative characterization of crimes is due to the specifics of the purpose and tasks of the OSA, the solution of which is ensured by the use of appropriate forces, forms, methods and means. It is proved that the operational and investigative characteristic of espionage can be considered as: 1) the process of cognition of essential features (properties, characteristics, distinctive features) of crimes and recording of its results; 2) the result of cognition – a systematized set (system) of information about essential features (properties, characteristics, distinctive features) of crimes and the relationship between the elements of such a system; 3) a set of methods (techniques) for identifying and determining the still unknown information about essential features (properties, characteristics, distinctive features) of crimes based on the available information about them. The author formulates the concept of operational and investigative characteristics of espionage as a generalized information model which is a detailed systematized description of typical operational and investigative significant features of espionage, which is necessary for searching for the recording of factual data on espionage and is important for its detection and operational and investigative documentation. It is proved that the operational and investigative characterization of espionage includes the following main structural elements: the subject of direct criminal encroachment, the method of espionage, typical traces and information about the identity of the offender. Key words: operational and investigative characterization, espionage, operational search, fixation, cognition, factual data, operational and investigative documentation. REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION

1. Pro derzhavnu taiemnytsiu [On state secrets] Zakon Ukrainy № 3855-XII vid 21.01.1994 data zvernennia 15.03.2021 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pro zatverdzhennia Zvodu vidomostei, shcho stanovliat derzhavnu taiemnytsiu [On approval of the set of information on the formation of a state secret] nakaz SBU № 383 vid 23.12.2020. data zvernennia 15.03.2021 [in Ukrainian].

ARTICLES 3.Antonov K V, Osoblyvosti operatyvno-rozshukovoi kharakterystyky ekonomichnykh zlochyniv [Peculiarities of operative and investigative characteristics of economic crimes] (2003) 3 Visnyk Lvivskoho instytutu vnutrishnikh sprav 3–14 [in Ukrainian]. 4.Brylov M O, Operatyvno-rozshukova kharakterystyka zlochyniv, pov’iazanykh z rozkradanniam biudzhetnykh koshtiv pid chas budivnytstva, remontu ta ekspluatatsii avtomobilnykh dorih [Operative and investigative characteristics of crimes related to embezzlement of budget funds during the construction, repair and operation of highways] (2015) 4 (59) Pravo i bezpeka 71–77 [in Ukrainian].

1. Kolb S O, Operatyvno-rozshukova kharakterystyka nezakonnoho zavolodinnia transportnymy zasobamy v Ukraini [Operative and investigative characteristics of illegal possession of vehicles in Ukraine] (2015) 32 (3) Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia Pravo 71–77 [in Ukrainian].
2. Lysychenko V K, Kryminalistychna kharakterystyka y operatyvno-rozshukova kharakterystyka: problemy spivvidnoshennia [Forensic characteristics and operational-investigative characteristics: problems of ratio] (2007) 8 Derzhavna bezpeka Ukrainy 85–94 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Shchodo form piznannia teorii operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti [Regarding the forms of knowledge of the theory of operational and investigative activity] (2003) 59 Problemy zakonnosti 140–147 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Sutnist operatyvno-rozshukovoho piznannia [The essence of operative and investigative cognition] (2003) 1 Visnyk Akad. pravovykh nauk Ukrainy 176–184 [in Ukrainian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Imovirnist i virohidnist u kryminalno-protsesualnomu piznanni na dosudovomu slidstvi [Probability and probability in criminal-procedural cognition at pre-trial investigation] (2003) 2 Derzhava ta rehiony. Seriia Pravo – Zaporizhzhia 25–31 [in Ukrainian].
6. Pohoretskyi M A, Zasoby piznannia v operatyvno-rozshukovii diialnosti [Means of cognition in operational and investigative activity] (2004) 9 Pytannia borotby zi zlochynnistiu 137–149 [in Ukrainian].
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8. Pohoretskyi M A, Poniattia «diialnist» ta yoho znachennia dlia teorii ORD [The concept of «activity» and its meaning for the theory of ORD] (2004) 3 (38) Visnyk Akad. pravovykh nauk Ukrainy 202–213 [in Ukrainian].
9. Pohoretskyi M A, Imovirnist i virohidnist: filosofsko-pravovyi aspekt [Probability and probability: philosophical and legal aspect] (2004) 20 Nauk. visnyk Nats. akad. Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy 81–88 [in Ukrainian].
10. Pohoretskyi M A, Ob’iekt operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti [The object of operative investigative activity] (2004) Metodolohichni problemy teorii ta praktyky operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti v suchasnykh umovakh 3 (1) Visnyk Luhanskoi akad. MVS im. 10-ty richchia nezalezhnosti Ukrainy 93–102 [in Ukrainian].
11. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukova informatsiia: do vyznachennia poniattia [Operational investigative information: to the definition of the concept] (2007) 36 Visnyk Kharkivskoho nats. un-tu vnutr. sprav 13–19 [in Ukrainian].
12. Pohoretskyi M A, Metody piznannia v teorii operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti [Methods of cognition in the theory of operative and investigative activity] (2007) 1 Visnyk Luhanskoho derzh. un-tu vnutr. sprav 70–79 [in Ukrainian].
13. Pohoretskyi M A, Zasoby piznannia zlochynu v operatyvno-rozshukovii diialnosti i v kryminalnomu protsesi [Means of knowing the crime in operational and investigative activities and in the criminal process] (2007) 1 Visn. Akad. prokuratury Ukrainy 77–82 [in Ukrainian].
14. Pohoretskyi M A, Shelomentsev V P, Operatyvno-rozshukova kharakterystyka zlochyniv ta yii znachennia dlia teorii i praktyky kontrrozviduvalnoi diialnosti [Operative and investigative characteristics of crimes and its significance for the theory and practice of counterintelligence activities] (2010) 32 Nauk. visnyk Nats. akad. Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy 12–21 [in Ukrainian].
15. Pohoretskyi M, Shelomentsev V, Poshukovi oznaky ob’iektiv operatyvnoho poshuku: poniattia ta sutnist [Search features of operational search objects: concept and essence] (2010) 4 (16) Visnyk Akad. upravlinnia MVS 114–121 [in Ukrainian].
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AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist: pravovi osnovy (strukturno-lohichni skhemy) [Operational investigative activity: legal foundations (structural and logical schemes)] / Hroshevyi Yu M (Kharkiv, RVF Arsis, 2003) 192 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Ob’iekt i predmet piznannia teorii operaty.vno-rozshukovoi diialnosti 58 Problemy zakonnosti [The object and subject of knowledge of the theory of operational and search activity] (Kharkiv, Nats. yuryd. akad. Ukrainy, 2003) 146–156 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Problemy vykorystannia materialiv operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti v kryminalnomu protsesi [Problems of using the materials of operational and investigative activities in the criminal process] (Kyiv, RVV NA SBU, 2004) 336 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [Functional assignment of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 576 [in Ukrainian].

26.Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist i kryminalnyi protses: problemy vzaiemozv’iazku: u Ch.2 [Operative investigative activity and the criminal process: problems of interrelationship] (Luhansk, Luhanskyi derzh. un-t vnutr. sprav im. E O Didorenka, 2008) 216 [in Ukrainian].

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukove piznannia [Operative and investigative cognition] Mizhnarodna politseiska entsyklopediia: u T.10 T.VI: Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist politsii (militsii) / Kovalenko V V, Moiseiev Ye V, Tatsii V Ya, Shemshuchenko Yu S (Kyiv, Atika, 2010) 620–623 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Toporetska Z M, Rozsliduvannia zainiattia hralnym biznesom: protsesualni y kryminalistychni zasady [Investigating employment in the gambling business: procedural and forensic principles] (Kyiv, Alerta, 2015) 226 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Byshevets O V, Serhieieva D B, Rozsliduvannia okremykh vydiv zlochyniv [Investigation of certain types of crimes] (Kyiv, Alerta, 2015) 536 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Cherniavskyi S S, Serhieieva D B, Toporetska Z M, Rozsliduvannia zainiattia hralnym biznesom [Investigating employment in the gambling business] (Kyiv, Alerta, 2015) 176 [in Ukrainian].

31. Zhuravel V A, Kryminalistychni metodyky: suchasni naukovi kontseptsii [Forensic methods: private scientific concepts] (Kharkiv, Apostil, 2012) 302 [in Ukrainian].