Анотація

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues related to the types of criminal procedural relations at the pre-trial investigation stage between an investigator and other parties to criminal proceedings. The purpose of the article is to classify the types of criminal procedural relations at the pre-trial investigation stage between an investigator and other parties to criminal proceedings. Based on a systematic and comparative analysis of the legal provisions of the current CPC of Ukraine and the by-laws regulating pre-trial investigation, the author proves that at the pre-trial investigation stage, there is a variety of criminal procedural relations between its subjects. The nature of these legal relations is different. Some of these legal relations have only their own peculiarities and specific features, which are determined by the legal status of their subjects, procedural functions performed by certain subjects in criminal proceedings, their procedural interests, stages of pre-trial investigation, etc. This diversity of criminal procedural legal relations at the pre-trial investigation stage allows classifying these relations according to certain criteria with a view to improving the criminal procedural status of their subjects, and to enhance the efficiency of pre-trial investigation and strengthening criminal procedural guarantees of participants to criminal proceedings in achieving the goals and fulfilling the tasks of criminal proceedings. The author substantiates that based on the results of the analysis of doctrinal approaches to the classification of criminal procedural relations at the pre-trial investigation stage according to such criteria as: the task of criminal proceedings, procedural interest of criminal proceedings subjects, procedural functions of criminal proceedings subjects; sources of regulation of criminal procedural relations, content of criminal procedural relations, the most productive for studying the problems of procedural status of investigators and enhancing. The author offers her own classification of criminal procedural relations at the pre-trial investigation between the investigator and other subjects of criminal proceedings. Key words: criminal procedural relations, pre-trial investigation, classification, types of criminal procedural relations, subjects of criminal procedural relations, investigator. REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION

1. Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [The Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.04.2012 № 4651-VI data zvernennia 04.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pro orhanizatsiiu diialnosti slidchykh pidrozdiliv Natsionalnoi politsii Ukrainy [On the organization of activities of investigative units of the National Police of Ukraine] Polozhennia zatverdzhene Nakazom MVS № 570 vid 06.07.2017 data zvernennia 04.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pro zatverdzhennia Instruktsii z orhanizatsii vzaiemodii orhaniv dosudovoho rozsliduvannia z inshymy orhanamy ta pidrozdilamy Natsionalnoi politsii Ukrainy v zapobihanni kryminalnym pravoporushenniam, yikh vyiavlenni ta rozsliduvanni [On Approval of the Instruction on Organization of Interaction of Pre-trial Investigation Bodies with Other Bodies and Units of the National Police of Ukraine in Prevention of Criminal Offenses, Detection and Investigation] Nakaz MVS № 575 vid 07.07.2017 data zvernennia 04.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].

BIBLIOGRAPHY ARTICLES

1. Alenin Yu P, Shche raz do pytannia pro samostiinist i nezalezhnist slidchoho [Once again to the question of independence and independence of the investigator] (2008) 44 Aktualni problemy derzhavy i prava 159 [in Ukrainian].
2. Mykhailenko O R, Pysmennyi D P, Pershe teoretychne doslidzhennia kryminalno-protsesualnykh pravovidnosyn v Ukraini [The first theoretical study of criminal procedural legal relations in Ukraine] (2002) 2 Visnyk Akad. pravovykh nauk Ukrainy 217–221 [in Ukrainian].
3. Okhrimenko S O, Deiaki aspekty suchasnoho stanu protsesualnoi samostiinosti ta nezalezhnosti slidchykh orhaniv vnutrishnikh sprav [Some aspects of the current state of procedural independence and independence of investigative bodies of internal affairs] (2006) 5 Yurydychna Ukraina 95–97 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi N A, K voprosu o protsessualnoi samostoiatelnosty sledovatelia [On the issue of procedural independence] (1992) Aktualn’e vopros’ pravotvorcheskoi y pravoprymenytelnoi deiatelnosty 104– 108 [in Russian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Slidchyi – sub’iekt kryminalno-protsesualnykh pravovidnosyn [An investigator is a subject of criminal procedural legal relations] Problemy provadzhennia pravovykh reform v Ukraini (Kharkiv, Nats. yuryd. akad. Ukrainy, 1996) 121–125 [in Ukrainian].
6. Pogoretsky N A, Prosecutor’s supervision of the preliminary investigation is one of the most important guarantees for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms [Prosecutor’s supervision of the preliminary investigation is one of the most important guarantees for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms] (1998) 36 Problems of legality 204–212 [in Russian].
7. Pohoretskyi N A, Klassyfykatsyia uholovno-protsessualnыkh otnoshenyi [Classification of criminal procedural relations] (1999) 40 Problemy zakonnosti 164–170 [in Russian].
8. Pohoretskyi M A, Vzaiemodiia slidchoho y orhanu diznannia v protsesi rozsliduvannia zlochyniv [Interaction of the investigator and the inquiry body in the process of investigating crimes] (2000) 1 (13) Ves’ Femyd’ 13–17 [in Ukrainian].
9. Pohoretskyi M A, Mezhi doruchen slidchoho orhanu diznannia pro provedennia operatyvnorozshukovykh zakhodiv [The limits of the mandate of the investigative body to inquire about the implementation of operative and search measures] (2000) 9 Pravo Ukrainy 47–49 [in Ukrainian].
10. Pohoretskyi M A, Problemy vzaiemodii orhaniv diznannia i dosudovoho slidstva [Problems of interaction between bodies of inquiry and pre-trial investigation] (2002) 2 Visnyk Odeskoho in-tu vnutr. sprav 85–92 [in Ukrainian].
11. Pohoretskyi M A, Khotenets V M, Protsesualni i orhanizatsiini formy vzaiemodii orhaniv diznannia i dosudovoho slidstva [Procedural and organizational forms of interaction between bodies of inquiry and pretrial investigation] (2002) 1 Pravo i bezpeka 178–183 [in Ukrainian].
12. Pohoretskyi M A, Rozshuk zlochyntsiv ta dokazuvannia yikhnoi vyny za chasiv Ruskoi Pravdy [Searching for criminals and proving their guilt during the time of Russian Truth] (2002) 3 Pravo i bezpeka 73–77 [in Ukrainian].
13. Pohoretskyi M A, Dosudove slidstvo Ukrainy: istoriia ta suchasnist [Pretrial investigation of Ukraine: history and modernity] (2002) 3 Visnyk Luhanskoi akad. vnutr. sprav Ukrainy im. 10-richchia nezalezhnosti Ukrainy 216–227 [in Ukrainian].
14. Pohoretskyi M A, Rozshuk za Statutom kryminalnoho sudochynstva 1864 roku [Search under the Statute of Criminal Procedure of 1864] (2003) 4 Visnyk Akad. pravovykh nauk Ukrainy 272–283 [in Ukrainian].
15. Pohoretskyi M A, Diznannia za Statutom kryminalnoho sudochynstva 1864 roku [Findings according to the statute of criminal proceedings of 1864] (2003) 3 Problemy pravoznavstva ta pravookhoronnoi diialnosti 163–171 [in Ukrainian].
16. Pohoretskyi M A, Rozshuk u kozatsku dobu [Search in the Cossack era] (2003) 1 (2) Pravo i bezpeka 17–120 [in Ukrainian].
17. Pohoretskyi M A, Slidchi dii: poniattia i klasyfikatsiia [Investigative actions: concepts and classification] (2008) 1 Nauk. visnyk Kyivskoho nats. un-tu vnutr. sprav 142–148 [in Ukrainian].
18. Pohoretskyi M A, Novyi KPK Ukrainy: politychni, teoretychni ta yurydychni pytannia [The new Communist Party of Ukraine: political, theoretical and legal issues] (2009) 2 Pravo Ukrainy 29–35 [in Ukrainian].
19. Pohoretskyi M A, Novyi KPK Ukrainy povynen gruntuvatysia na yevropeiskykh standartakh i natsionalnykh tradytsiiakh [The new CPC of Ukraine should be based on European standards and national traditions] (2010) 3 Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 241–250 [in Ukrainian].
20. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-protsesualna forma [Criminal procedural form] (2012) 2 Visnyk Zaporizkoho yurydychnoho instytutu DDUVS 144–151 [in Ukrainian].
21. Pohoretskyi M, Poniattia, zmist ta struktura kryminalnoho protsesu: problemy teorii ta praktyky (2013) Pravo Ukrainy 42–54 [in Ukrainian].
22. Pohoretskyi M A, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii: problemy provadzhennia ta vykorystannia rezultativ u dokazuvanni [Covert investigative (search) actions: problems of proceedings and use of results in evidence] (2013) 1 Yurydychnyi chasopys Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 270–277 [in Ukrainian].
23. Pohoretskyi M A, Serhieieva D B, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii ta operatyvno-rozshukovi zakhody: poniattia, sutnist i spivvidnoshennia [Covert investigative (research) actions and operationalresearch measures: concept, essence and relationship] (2014) 2 (33) Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 137–141 [in Ukrainian].
24. Pogoretsky N A, On the relationship between search, inquiry and investigation according to the Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864 [On the relationship between search, inquiry and investigation according to the Charter of Criminal Proceedings of 1864] (2014) 9 (46) Current problems of Russian law 1972–1979 [in Russian].
25. Pohoretskyi M A, Kushneryk Yu A, Protsesualne kerivnytstvo provadzhenniam slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii pid chas dosudovoho rozsliduvannia hrabezhiv ta rozboiv [Procedural management of investigative (search) actions during the pre-trial investigation of robberies and robberies] (2014) 1 (6) Pravo i hromadske suspilstvo data zvernennia 15.04.2022 [in Ukrainian].
26. Pohoretskyi M, Prokuror u kryminalnomu protsesi: shchodo vyznachennia funktsii [A prosecutor in a criminal trial: regarding the definition of functions] (2015) 6 Pravo Ukrainy 86–95 [in Ukrainian].
27. Pohoretskyi M A, Nova kontseptsiia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia [A new concept of criminal procedural evidence] (2015) 3 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 66; 31. Pohoretskyi M A, P’iat rokiv chynnosti kryminalnoho protsesualnoho kodeksu: uroky dlia pravotvorchoi diialnosti [Five years of the Criminal Procedure Code: lessons for law-making] (2017) 3 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 11–27 [in Ukrainian].
28. Pohoretskyi M A, Bahanets O V, Obshuk osoby u kryminalnykh provadzhenniakh shchodo pryiniattia propozytsii, obitsianky abo oderzhannia nepravomirnoi vyhody sluzhbovoiu osoboiu [Search of a person in criminal proceedings regarding the acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an illegal benefit by an official] (2017) 12 Pravo Ukrainy 62–73 [in Ukrainian].
29. Pohoretskyi M A, Starenkyi O S, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii yak zasoby otrymannia dokaziv: okremi problemni pytannia [Covert investigative (research) actions as a means of obtaining evidence: certain problematic issues] (2018) 8 Pravo Ukrainy 85–106 [in Ukrainian].
30. Pohoretskyi M A, Starenkyi O S, Povnovazhennia slidchykh orhaniv Derzhavnoho biuro rozsliduvan [Powers of investigative bodies of the State Bureau of Investigation] (2018) 1 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 32–48 [in Ukrainian].
31. Pohoretskyi N A, Russkaia Pravda o poyske prestupnykov y dokazыvanyy ykh vynы [Russian Truth about finding criminals and proving their guilt] (2004) 3 Ystoryia hosudarstva y prava 30–34 [in Russian].
32. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalnyi protses: poniattia ta yoho naukove i praktychne znachennia [Criminal process: the concept and its scientific and practical significance] (2021) 1–2 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 28–51 [in Ukrainian].
33. Tatarov O Yu, Do etapiv stanovlennia dosudovoho slidstva v Ukraini [To the stages of formation of pre-trial investigation in Ukraine] (1864–1917 rr.) 2010 5 Pravo i suspilstvo 189–196 [in Ukrainian].

AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Baulin O V, Karpov N S, Protsesualna samostiinist i nezalezhnist slidchoho ta yikh pravovi harantii [Procedural autonomy and independence of the investigator and their legal guarantees] (Kyiv, Natsionalna akademiia vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrainy, 2001) 233 [in Ukrainian].
2. Dorozd V H, Pravove rehuliuvannia dosudovoho rozsliduvannia: problemy teorii ta praktyky [Legal regulation of pretrial investigation: problems of theory and practice] (Odesa, Vydavnychyi dim «Helvetyka», 2018) 448 [in Ukrainian].
3. Kryminalnyi protses [Criminal process] / Hroshevyi Yu M, Tatsii V Ya, Tumaniants A R ta in; za red. Tatsiia V Ya, Hroshevoho Yu M, Kaplinoi O V, Shylo O H (Kharkiv, Pravo, 2013) 20 [in Ukrainian].
4. Mirkovets D M, Kontrolno-nahliadova diialnist na dosudovomu rozsliduvanni: teoriia ta praktyka [Control and supervision activities at the pre-trial investigation: theory and practice] (Odesa, Vydavnychyi dim «Helvetyka», 2021) 432 [in Ukrainian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-protsesualni pravovidnosyny: struktura isystema [Criminal procedural legal relations: structure and system] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2002) 160 [in Ukrainian].
6. Pohoretskyi M A, Problemy vykorystannia materialiv operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti v kryminalnomu protsesi [Problems of using the materials of operational and investigative activities in the criminal process] (Kyiv, RVV NA SBU, 2004) 336 [in Ukrainian].
7. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [Functional assignment of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 743 [in Ukrainian].
8. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist i kryminalnyi protses: problemy vzaiemozv’iazku [Operative investigative activity and the criminal process: problems of interrelationship] u 2 ch. Ch. 1 (Luhansk, Luhanskyi derzh. un-t vnutr. sprav im. E. O. Didorenka, 2008) 216 [in Ukrainian].
9. Pohoretskyi M, Novyi KPK Ukrainy: politychni, teoretychni ta yurydychni pytannia [The new Communist Party of Ukraine: political, theoretical and legal issues] (2009) 2 Pravo Ukrainy 33 [in Ukrainian].
10. Pohoretskyi M A, Novely proektu novoho KPK Ukrainy i problemy yikh relazatsii u pravozastosovnii diialnosti [Amendments to the project of the new Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the problems of their implementation in law enforcement activities] (2012) 1 (27) Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 208–216 [in Ukrainian].
11. Pohoretskyi M A, Serhieieva D B, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii ta operatyvno-rozshukovi zakhody: poniattia, sutnist i spivvidnoshennia [Covert investigative (research) actions and operationalresearch measures: concept, essence and relationship] (2014) 2 (33) Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 137–141 [in Ukrainian].
12. Pohoretskyi M A, Volkotrub S H, Udoskonalennia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy shchodo pidslidnosti orhaniv dosudovoho rozsliduvannia [Improvement of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine regarding the jurisdiction of pre-trial investigation bodies] (2017) 1 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 72 [in Ukrainian].
13. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalni protsesualni pravovidnosyny [Criminal procedural legal relations] Velyka ukrainska yurydychna entsyklopediia: u 20 t. T.19: Kryminalnyi protses, sudoustrii, prokuratura ta advokatura / redkol.: V. T. Nor (holova) ta in.; Nats. akad. prav. nauk. Ukrainy; In-t derzhavy i prava im. V. M. Koretskoho NAN Ukrainy; Nats. yuryd. un-t im. Yaroslava Mudroho (Kharkiv, Pravo, 2020) 426–429 [in Ukrainian].
14. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalnyi protses [Criminal process] Velyka ukrainska yurydychna entsyklopediia: u 20 t. T.19: Kryminalnyi protses, sudoustrii, prokuratura ta advokatura / redkol.: V. T. Nor (holova) ta in.; Nats. akad. prav. nauk. Ukrainy; In-t derzhavy i prava im. V. M. Koretskoho NAN Ukrainy; Nats. yuryd. un-t im. Yaroslava Mudroho (Kharkiv, Pravo, 2020) 468 [in Ukrainian].
15. Pryntsypy pobudovy suchasnoho kryminalnoho protsesu Ukrainy [Principles of construction of the modern criminal process of Ukraine] / Hlynska N V, Loboiko L M, Marochkin O I ta in. / za zah.red. Shylo O H (Kharkiv, NDI VPZ imeni akad. V. V. Stashysa NAPrNU, 2016) 85 [in Ukrainian].
16. Starenkyi O S, Kryminalni protsesualni harantii zakhysnyka yak sub’iekta dokazuvannia u dosudovomu rozsliduvanni: teoriia i praktyka [Criminal procedural guarantees of the defense attorney as a subject of evidence in the pre-trial investigation: theory and practice] / za zah. red. M A Pohoretskoho (Kyiv, Alerta. 2016) 336 [in Ukrainian].
17. Shevchyshen A V, Evidence by the prosecution in the pre-trial investigation of corruption crimes in the field of official activity and professional activity related to the provision of public services: theory and practice [Evidence by the prosecution in the pre-trial investigation of corruption crimes in the field of official activity and professional activity related to the provision of public services: theory and practice] (Kyiv, Alerta, 2019) 536 [in Ukrainian].
18. Shumeiko D O, Zdiisnennia spetsialnoho kryminalnoho provadzhennia v Ukraini: teoriia i praktyka [Implementation of special criminal proceedings in Ukraine: theory and practice] (Kyiv, Alerta, 2020) 438 [in Ukrainian].
19. Tatarov O Yu, Dosudove provadzhennia v kryminalnomu protsesi Ukrainy: teoretyko-pravovi ta orhanizatsiini zasady [Pre-trial proceedings in the criminal process of Ukraine: theoretical, legal and organizational principles] (za materialamy MVS) (Donetsk, TOV «VPP «PROMIN», 2012) 539 [in Ukrainian].
20. Tsutskeridze M S, Kryminalna protsesualna diialnist slidchoho: teoriia ta praktyka [Criminal procedural activity of the investigator: theory and practice] (Kyiv, Alerta, 2020) 1662 [in Ukrainian].
21. Baulin O V, Protsesualna samostiinist i nezalezhnist slidchoho ta yikh pravovi harantii [Procedural reliability and reliability of warranty and legal support] (avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv, 2000) 20 [in Ukrainian].
22. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-protsesualni pravovidnosyny slidchoho z orhanom diznannia, nachalnykom slidchoho viddilu ta prokurorom [Criminal-procedural legal relations of the investigator with the body of inquiry, the head of the investigative department and the prosecutor] (avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: spets. 12.00.09. Kharkiv, Nats. yuryd. akad. Ukrainy, 1997) 17 [in Ukrainian].
23. Soldatenko O A, Dosudove slidstvo v Ukraini: stanovlennia ta perspektyvy rozvytku [Pre-trial investigation in Ukraine: formation and development prospects] (dys. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. Kyiv, 2006) 238 [in Ukrainian].

CONFERENCE PAPERS

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Dosudove slidstvo, diznannia, rozshuk: problemy spivvidnoshennia: istorychnyi aspect [Pre-trial investigation, investigation, search: problems of ratio: historical aspect] Aktualni problemy kryminalnoho sudochynstva Ukrainy: materialy nauk. – prakt. konf., 21 lystop. 2003 r. (Donetsk, DIuI, 2004) 100–105 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Problemy vzaiemodii orhaniv diznannia i slidstva pry rozsliduvanni zlochyniv, vchynenykh orhanizovanymy uhrupuvanniamy [Problems of interaction of inquiry and investigation bodies in the investigation of crimes committed by organized groups] Aktualni problemy vzaiemodii operatyvnykh ta slidchykh pidrozdiliv u protydii orhanizovanii zlochynnosti: materialy Vseukr. nauk. – prakt. konf. (m. Odesa, 18 kvit. 2008 r.) (Odesa, ODUVS, 2008) 30–34 [in Ukrainian].

WEBSITES 63. Banchuk O, 5 idei vid rozrobnykiv KPK, yaki tak i ne vdalosia vtilyty u zhyttia [5 ideas from PDA developers that never came to fruition] data zvernennia 04.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].