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SCIENTIFIC - PRACTICAL JOURNAL "HERALD OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE"

EXPEDIENCY OF REPLACING THE CONCEPT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES WITH HIGHLY TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE CONCERT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF HARMONIZATION WITH EU LEGISLATION

EXPEDIENCY OF REPLACING THE CONCEPT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES WITH HIGHLY TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE CONCERT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF HARMONIZATION WITH EU LEGISLATION

Pages: 120-131
Year: 2023
Location: Pravova Ednist Ltd

Review

Abstract. As part of the implementation of the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine of March 19, 2021 “On measures to improve the level of chemical safety in Ukraine” which was enacted by Presidential Decree № 104/2021, on insufficient perfection of regulatory and organizational support chemical safety management and management systems in the country related to harmonization with the EU. In this context, it is also important to harmonize with the EU the application and understanding of terms related to chemical safety issues. One of the concepts used in Ukrainian law, but absent in the EU legal framework, is the concept of toxic substances. The purpose of the study is the expediency of amending the Criminal Code of Ukraine by replacing the concept of toxic substances with highly toxic in the context of harmonization with EU legislation. Based on the study, the authors came to the conclusion that it is appropriate to amend the Criminal Code of Ukraine by replacing the concept of toxic substances with highly toxic in the context of harmonization with EU legislation. Therefore, the authors propose making changes to the Criminal Code of Ukraine by replacing them according to their properties, and not as a subject or tool of applying the concept of “poisonous substances” to “highly toxic substances” in the context of bringing them into line with EU legislation, and removing the statues 201 and 321 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the new editors. 

Keywords: chemicals, highly toxic, toxicity, legal security, harmonization, national security, European Union, directives, regulations.


REFERENCES 


LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS 


LEGISLATION

    
 	
  1.  Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances accessed 07.02.2023 [in English].
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  3.  Regulation (EC) № 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency [in English].
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  4.  Pro okhoronu navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha [On environmental protection] Zakon Ukrainy vid 25.06.1991 № 1264-KhII data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  5.  Pro okhoronu pratsi [On labor protection] Zakon Ukrainy vid 14.10.1992 № 2694-KhII data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  6.  Pro zabezpechennia sanitarnoho ta epidemichnoho blahopoluchchia naselennia [On ensuring sanitary and epidemic well-being of the population] Zakon Ukrainy vid 24.02.1994 № 4004-KhII. data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  7.  Pro zatverdzhennia Poriadku oderzhannia dozvolu na vyrobnytstvo, zberihannia, transportuvannia, vykorystannia, zakhoronennia, znyshchennia ta utylizatsiiu otruinykh rechovyn, u tomu chysli produktiv biotekhnolohii ta inshykh biolohichnykh ahentiv [On the approval of the Procedure for obtaining a permit for the production, storage, transportation, use, burial, destruction and disposal of poisonous substances, including products of biotechnology and other biological agents] Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 20.06.1995 № 440 data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  8.  Pro narkotychni zasoby, psykhotropni rechovyny i prekursory [On narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors] Zakon Ukrainy vid 15.02.1995 № 60/95-VR data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian].
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  9.  Pro pestytsydy i ahrokhimikaty [On pesticides and agrochemicals] Zakon Ukrainy vid 02.03.1995 № 86/95- VR data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
    10. 
 	
  10.  Pro zatverdzhennia pereliku osoblyvo nebezpechnykh khimichnykh rechovyn, vyrobnytstvo yakykh pidliahaie litsenzuvanniu [On approval of the list of particularly dangerous chemical substances, the production of which is subject to licensing] postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 17.08.1998 № 1287 data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  11.  Pro pryiednannia Ukrainy do Bazelskoi konventsii pro kontrol za transkordonnymy ta yikh vydalenniam [On the accession of Ukraine to the Basel Convention on the control of transboundary illegals and their removal] Zakon Ukrainy vid 01.07.1999 № 803-XIV data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian].
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  12.  Pro ob’iekty pidvyshchenoi nebezpeky [On objects of increased danger] Zakon Ukrainy vid 18.01.2001 № 2245-III data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
    13. 
 	
  13.  Pro pryiednannia Ukrainy do Rotterdamskoi konventsii pro protseduru poperednoi obgruntovanoi zghody vidnosno okremykh nebezpechnykh khimichnykh rechovyn ta pestytsydiv u mizhnarodnii torhivli [On the accession of Ukraine to the Rotterdam Convention on the Procedure of Prior Informed Consent for Certain Hazardous Chemical Substances and Pesticides in International Trade] Zakon Ukrainy vid 26.09.2002 № 169- IV data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  14.  Pro derzhavnyi kontrol za mizhnarodnymy peredachamy tovariv viiskovoho pryznachennia ta podviinoho vykorystannia [On state control over international transfers of military and dual-use goods] Zakon Ukrainy vid 20.02.2003 № 549-IV data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  15.  Pro dozvilnu systemu u sferi hospodarskoi diialnosti [On the permit system in the field of economic activity] Zakon Ukrainy vid 06.09.2005 № 2806-IV data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian].
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  16.  Pro ratyfikatsiiu Stokholmskoi konventsii pro stiiki orhanichni zabrudniuvachi [On the ratification of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants] Zakon Ukrainy vid 18.04.2007 № 949-V < https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/949–16#Text> data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  17.  Pro implementatsiiu Uhody pro asotsiatsiiu mizh Ukrainoiu, z odniiei storony, ta Yevropeiskym Soiuzom, Yevropeiskym Spivtovarystvom z atomnoi enerhii i yikhnimy derzhavamy-chlenamy, z inshoi storony [On the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand] Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 17.09.2014 № 847-r data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian].
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  18.  Pro otsinku vplyvu na dovkillia [On environmental impact assessment] Zakon Ukrainy vid 23.05.2017 № 2059-VIII data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  19.  Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy vid 19.03.2021 № 104/2021 [Decree of the President of Ukraine dated March 19, 2021 No. 104/2021] data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
    20. 
 	
  20.  Rehlament (IeS) vid 22.05.2012 № 528/2012 Yevropeiskoho parlamentu ta rady [Regulation (EU) dated May 22, 2012 No. 528/2012 of the European Parliament and Council] accessed 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian].
    21. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

BOOKS 

    
 	
  1.  Dii politsii pid chas vyiavlennia faktiv nezakonnoho povodzhennia z nebezpechnymy materialamy [Actions of the police during detection of illegal handling of hazardous materials] / I M Maksymchuk, O M Sura, A A Sakovskyi, Ya V Furman ta in.: Metod. rekom. (Kyiv, Nats. akad. vnutr. sprav, 2019) 81 [in Ukrainian]. 
    2. 
 	
  2.  Naukovo-praktychnyi komentar Kryminalnoho kodeksu Ukrainy [Scientific and practical commentary on the Criminal Code of Ukraine] / D S Azarov, V K Hryshchuk, A V Savchenko ta in.; za zah. red. O M Dzhuzhi, A V Savchenka, V V Chernieia. 2-he vyd., pererob. i dopov (Kyiv, Yurinkom Inter, 2018) 1104 [in Ukrainian].
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  3.  Khokhotva O P, Tabachuk O L, Posibnyk z ratsionalnoho upravlinnia khimichnymy rechovynamy [Guide to the rational management of chemical substances] (Kyiv, Tsentr resursoefektyvnoho ta chystoho vyrobnytstva, 2019) 112 [in Ukrainian].
    4. 


ARTICLES 

    
 	
  1.  Maksymchuk I M, Otruini rechovyny yak element kryminalistychnoi kharakterystyky okremykh kryminalnykh pravoporushen [Poisonous substances as an element of forensic characteristics of certain criminal offenses] (2019) 4 (1) Naukovyi visnyk publichnoho prava 316–324 [in Ukrainian]. 
    2. 
 	
  2.  Prodanchuk M H, Bantyshev O F, Velychko M V, Kravchuk O P, Salahor I M, Maksymchuk I M, Problemy kryminalno-pravovoi kvalifikatsii pravoporushen obihu nebezpechnykh khimichnykh rechovyn na terytorii Ukrainy [Problems of the criminal-legal qualification of offenses of circulation of dangerous chemical substances in the territory of Ukraine] (2020) 2 (53) Naukovyi fakhovyi zhurnal Naukovoho tsentru preventyvnoi toksykolohii, kharchovoi ta khimichnoi bezpeky imeni akademika L. I. Medvedia MOZ Ukrainy «Iedyne zdorov’ia ta problemy kharchuvannia Ukrainy» 39–48 [in Ukrainian]. 
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  3.  Velychko M V, Sytnyk Ye Yu, Kovaliuk O S, Holovin D I, Naslidky derehuliatsii u sferi derzhavnoho kontroliu za vvezenniam, obihom, vykorystanniam ta utylizatsiieiu na terytorii Ukrainy nebezpechnykh khimichnykh rechovyn [Consequences of deregulation in the sphere of state control over the import,circulation, use and disposal of hazardous chemicals on the territory of Ukraine] (2017) 1–2 (77–78) Naukovopraktychnyi (fakhovyi) zhurnal «Suchasni problemy toksykolohii, kharchovoi ta khimichnoi bezpeky» 143–149 [in Ukrainian]. 
    4. 


DISSERTATIONS

    
 	
  1.  Bondarenko M S, Kryminalna vidpovidalnist za nezakonni dii z otruinymy chy sylnodiiuchymy rechovynamy abo otruinymy chy sylno diiuchymy likarskymy zasobamy [Criminal liability for illegal actions with poisonous or potent substances or poisonous or potent drugs] Mater. dys. na zdobuttia naukovoho stupenia k.yu.n., 2021, 269 data zvernennia 07.02.2023 [in Ukrainian]. 
    2. 


WEBSITES 

    
 	
  1.  Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management [Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management] accessed 07.02.2023 [in English].
    2. 


		

				

					

		

							

		

						

				

								

						

					

			

								

				

			
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EXPEDIENCY OF REPLACING THE CONCEPT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES WITH HIGHLY TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE CONCERT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF HARMONIZATION WITH EU LEGISLATION