Review

Abstract. The given article studies the development of the system of procedural evidence types with the aim to distinguish the criteria for its typological classification, as well as to define its place in the system of criminal procedural evidence, taking into account a specific artificial intangible nature of digital evidence data. The author of the article states that the development of information society supposes a new model of social relations, communication and respectively new approaches to solving important issues, including those within the criminal proceedings field. Information technologies are evolving very fast so are the methods of use of digital technical means with malicious purposes, which results in a steady increase of crimes committed in cyber space. But, the question of digital data use as the evidence is still poorly studied and not regulated enough in criminal and procedural legislation of Ukraine. In particular, the place of digital evidence in the system of procedural evidence sources has not been defined yet. The author of the article analyses the status of scientific research related to the classification of procedural evidence types, its evolution, and raises the question of establishing a separate type of criminal procedural evidence for digital information which has a probative value. The analysis of criminal and procedural legislation and evaluable scientific resources shows, that the existing concept of classification requires improvement bearing in mind a specific nature of digital evidence. There also have been defined the criteria for dividing procedural evidence into certain types with further grounding the necessity to classify digital evidence as a separate type due to its specific nature. It has been substantiated that it is inaccurate to refer digital evidence to both physical evidence and documents in criminal procedure. The article convincingly proves that digital data in the form of files and machine media is a separate type of evidence, and, correspondently, it is advisable to amend p.2 of Article 84 of CPC of Ukraine.

Key words: criminal process, types of evidence, digital evidence, documents, material evidence.

REFERENCES

LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS

LEGISLATION

1. DSTU 2.051:2006 Yedyna systema konstruktorskoi dokumentatsii. Elektronni dokumenty. Zahalni polozhennia [Unified system of design documentation. Electronic documents. General provisions] data zvernennia 01.02.2023 [in Ukranian].
2. Kryminalno-protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy vid 28.12.1960 № 1001–05 data zvernennia 01.02.2023 [in Ukranian].
3. Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.04.2012 № 4651-VI data zvernennia: 01.02.2023 [in Ukranian].
4. Ugolovno-processual’nyj kodeks U.S.S.R. [Criminal Procedure Code of U.S.S.R.], utverzhdennyj V.U.C.I.K. 13.09.1922 (Har’kov,1922) [in Russian].
5. Krimіnal’no-procesual’nij kodeks URSR [Criminal Procedure Code of U.S.S.R.] (Harkіv, Narkomjust URSR 1927) 127 [in Ukranian].
6. Statut kryminalnoho sudochynstva 1864 roku [Statute of Criminal Justice of 1864] data zvernennia: 01.02.2023 [in Ukranian].

BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Dorohov V, Obshhee ponjatie dokazatel’stv v sovetskom ugolovnom processe [The General Concept of Evidence in Soviet Criminal Procedure] (Moskva, 1981) 196 [in Russian].
2. Fojnickij I, Kurs ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva. [Course of criminal procedure] T. 2 (SPb,1884) 583 [in Russian].
3. Ivanov N, Dokazatel’stva i istochniki svedenij v ugolovnom processe: problemy teorii i praktiki [Evidence and sources of information in criminal proceedings: problems of theory and practice] (Moskva, Jurlitinform, 2015) 229 [in Russian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [The functional purpose of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 576 [in Ukranian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Dokument v operatyvno-rozshukovii diialnosti. Mizhnarodna politseiska entsyklopediia: u 10 t. T. VI: Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist politsii (militsii) [Document in operational and investigative activity. International police encyclopedia: in 10 vols. Vol. VI: Operative and investigative activities of the police (militia)] (Kyiv, Atika, 2010) 223–225 [in Ukranian].
6. Shejfer S, Dokazatel’stva i dokazyvanie po ugolovnym delam: problemy teorii i pravovogo regulirovanija: monografija’ (Norma 2009) 125 [in Russian].
7. Sluchevskij V, Uchebnik russkogo ugolovnogo processa [Textbook of Russian Criminal Procedure] (SPb, 1913) 683 [in Russian].
8. Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy: 250000 [Great explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language: 250000] VIII (Kyiv, Vyd-vo Perun, 2005) 1728 [in Ukranian].

EDITED BOOKS

1. Bilodid I (za red.), Slovnyk ukrainskoi movy [Dictionary of the Ukrainian language] v 11 t. T. 1 (Kyiv, Naukova dumka) 827 [in Ukranian].
2. Bilodid I (za red.), Slovnyk ukrainskoi movy [Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 11 vols.] v 11 t. T. 2 (Kyiv, Naukova dumka) 547 [in Ukranian].
3. Bilodid I (za red.), Slovnyk ukrainskoi movy [Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 11 vols.] v 11 t. T. 11 (Kyiv, Naukova dumka) 657 [in Ukranian].

ARTICLES

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Dokazy u kryminalnomu protsesi [Evidence in a criminal trial] (2003) 2 Visnyk prokuratury 62 [in Ukranian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Pro spivvidnoshennia dzherel faktychnykh danykh i dzherel dokaziv u kryminalnomu protsesi [On the ratio of sources of factual data and sources of evidence in criminal proceedings] (2009) 1 Pravo Ukrainy 80–85 [in Ukranian].
3. Pohoretskyi M, Dokazy u kryminalnomu protsesi: problemni pytannia (2011) 1 Chasopys Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Seriia «Pravo» 53 [in Ukranian].
4. Pohoretskyi M, Teoriia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia: problemni pytannia [Theory of criminal procedural evidence: problematic issues] (2014) 10 Pravo Ukrainy 12–25 [in Ukranian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Nova kontseptsiia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia [New concept of criminal procedural evidence] (2015) 3 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva Ukrainy 63–79 [in Ukranian].
6. Serhieieva D, Do vyznachennia poniattia «dokazu» za chynnym KPK Ukrainy [To the definition of the concept of «proof» under the current CPC of Ukraine] (2011) 24 Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 212–221 [in Ukranian].
7. Shumylo M, Iurydychna konstruktsiia dokazivu kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Legal construction of evidence in criminal proceedings] (2018) 1 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 59–67 [in Ukranian].
8. Tsekhan D, Tsyfrovi dokazy: poniattia, osoblyvosti ta mistse v systemi dokazuvannia [Digital evidence: concept, features and place in the system of proof] (2013) 5 Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu 256–260 [in Ukranian].
9. Vapniarchuk V, Shchodo sutnosti rechovykh dokaziv i vplyvu yikh spetsyfiky na zabezpechennia dopustymosti v kryminalnomu protsesualnomu dokazuvanni [Regarding the essence of material evidence and the influence of its specificity on ensuring admissibility in criminal procedural evidence] (2015) 4 (2) National law journal: teory and practice 124–128 [in Ukranian].

DISSERTATION

1. 1. Kozlovs’kij P, Vidy dokazatel’stv v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: jevoljucija, reglamentacija, sootnoshenie [Types of evidence in criminal proceedings: evolution, regulation, correlation] (diss. … kand. jur. nauk. 12.00.09, Omsk, 2013) 224 [in Russian].

28. Zigura N, Komp’juternaja informacija kak vid dokazatel’stv v ugolovnom processe [Computer information as a type of evidence in criminal proceedings] (dis. … kand. jurid. nauk. 12.00.09, Cheljabinsk, 2010) 234 [in Russian].