Review

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of some problematic issues related to the influence of legal presumptions on circumstances that are part of the subject of evidence in criminal proceedings. The author analyzed the legislative, theoretical and practical basis related to the issue of the influence of legal presumptions on the subject of proof, and in particular on the circumstances that are part of it. The purpose of this article is to consider and study the issue of the influence of legal presumptions on the subject of evidence in criminal proceedings, as well as to substantiate the importance of legal presumptions for the criminal process in general and for the subject of evidence in particular. In his research, the author focuses on the lack of a single approach to understanding the legal nature of presumption in the criminal process, however, based on the analysis, he generalizes that modern legal science singles out and uses the term “legal presumption”, which is a legal aspect of the general concept of assumption. Draws attention to the need to establish the essence and limits of the influence of presumptions on criminal procedural evidence, otherwise it will contribute to the emergence of problems in the practice of law enforcement. During the research, the author used general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, abstraction, generalization), the dialectical method of learning the phenomena of objective reality) and special legal methods – formal-logical, comparative-legal, structural-organizational. The author established that legal presumptions are of great importance for criminal proceedings, namely, they influence the formation of the criminal process as a whole, its individual institutions, as well as individual stages of the process; affect the process of proof, since legal presumptions can have an impact on the subject and limits of proof, participate in the distribution of the burden of proof. Also, on the basis of the conducted thorough analysis, the author’s definition of legal presumption is proposed – as a means that is binding due to its direct or indirect enshrining in legislation and on the basis of probable assumptions – contributes to the establishment without evidence of some legal facts, events, phenomena, social relations, which may lead to certain legal consequences and affect legal relations. In addition, conclusions were made about the need to supplement the current Code of Criminal Procedure with the presumption of mental health (sanity) and the presumption of knowledge of criminal legislation.

Key words: subject of proof, legal presumptions, proof, criminal process, European Court of Human Rights.

REFERENCES

LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS

LEGISLATION

1. Rule of law checklist: Adopted by the Venice Commission at its 106th Plenary Session (Venice, 11–12 March 2016) data zvernennia 20.05.2023 [in English].
2. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy [Constitution of Ukraine] vid 28.06.1996 № 254k/96-VR data zvernennia 20.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].
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CASES

1. Okrema dumka suddi Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy Kampa V. M. na Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Separate opinion of the judge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine Kampa V. M. on the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 08.07.2008 r. № 14-rp/2008 data zvernennia 20.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].
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JOURNAL ARTICLES

1. Bahanets O, Vplyv deiakykh pravovykh prezumptsii na predmet dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [The Impact of Certain Legal Presumptions on the Subject of Evidence in Criminal Proceedings] (2014) 1 Yurydychna Ukraina 80–85 [in Ukrainian].
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CONFERENCE PAPERS

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi: poniattia, zmist, struktura [Evidence in the criminal process: concept, content, structure] Aktualni problemy dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu provadzhenni: Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi Internet-konferentsii (27 lystopada 2013 r., m. Odesa) (Odesa, Yurydychna literatura, 2013) 17–2139 [in Ukrainian].
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DISSERTATIONS

1. Hroshevoi Yu M, Teoretycheskye problemы formyrovanyia ubezhdenyi sudy v sovetskom uholovnom sudoproyzvodstve [Theoretical problems of the formation of convinced judges in the Soviet criminal justice system] (dys. … d-ra yuryd. nauk: spets. 12.00.08. Kharkov, 1975) 403 [in Ukrainian].
2. Orlovska N A, Osudnist ta yii vydy (porivnialnyi analiz zakonodavstva Ukrainy ta inshykh derzhav) [Criminality and its types (comparative analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries)] (avtoref. dys. … kand. yur. nauk: spets. 12.00.08. Odesa, 2001) 20 [in Ukrainian].

WEBSITES

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