Review

The article examines conception and implementation of the bail institute in Ukrainian legislature and legislature of foreign countries. The authors compare the origin of bail institute as preventive measure in legislature of England, USA and Ukraine. The authors also point out that fixing bail as one of the preventive measures not only promotes reaching the assignments of criminal procedure and testifies about humanization of criminal procedure in Ukraine, but also corresponds to the practice of European Court of Human Rights.

During scientific research, statistics of applying of this preventive measure in practical activity have been analyzed. They indicate that bail is used during criminal procedure rarely. Authors make a conclusion, that the main reasons of this rare use consist in drawbacks of legislative regulation, for example uncertainty of legal position of a bailor as the participant of criminal procedure, absence of coherent mechanism of realization of its rights and duties.

Having analyzed requirements for bailors, the main kinds of bail have been determined. The article also indicates about necessity of clarification of data about bailor, determination of its rights and duties. The authors also justify the thesis, that bailor as the participant of criminal procedure doesn't have enough rights to realize its duties, for example he doesn't have a right to refuse its procedural state.

The article also determines basic requirements for object of bail, in particular its belonging to bailor, clarification of money origin. The authors also emphasize that money, which were acquired because of illegal activity, can't be an object of a bail.

The article also highlights a problem of implementation safety to bailor, because our legislature doesn't have rules to guarantee security for a bailor.

The aim of article is the detailed analysis of rules of valid legislation, legal doctrine and practice enforceable by law, determining requirements for a bailor in criminal procedure, clarifying the guarantee of ensuring rights and realization duties. In addition, purpose of the article is to determine problems, that come up during practical activity, develop proposals and recommendations for their solution.

Having examined theoretical and practical aspects of legal position of  a bailor, the authors come to the conclusion that the prospects of further investigation are seen in the improvement of legislation, adopting world experience,  studying and implementation rules of foreign countries, etc.

Key words: bail, bailor, preventive measure, bail's object.