Review

Abstract. It is proved that preventive detention is one of the specific measures to ensure criminal proceedings, which was introduced in connection with the beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in Ukraine. It is stated that the existing gaps and inconsistencies in the legislation on preventive detention create significant risks of human rights violations, as well as reduce the effectiveness of ensuring the rights of persons to whom it can be applied, create preconditions for declaring evidence inadmissible. The purpose of the article is to obtain scientific results in the form of theoretical provisions for preventive detention and the formulation of proposals to improve existing legislation. The article analyzes the norms of the legislation governing the issue of preventive detention, draws attention to the inconsistencies of the norms of various legal acts, the existing gaps in the regulation of the grounds, terms and procedure of preventive detention. It is proved that the normative should be clearly defined: the concepts, grounds and conditions of preventive detention, its procedure. Based on the study, the author proposed amendments to the current CPC in order to improve the regulations of the institution of preventive detention. It is stated that the term “preventive detention” is not relevant to the meaning of the precautionary measure, which is understood by it. The author’s definition of “exceptional detention in the area of anti-terrorist operation / environmental protection” is offered. It is proposed to include in paragraph 2 of Chapter 18 of the CPC of Ukraine the article “Exceptional detention in the area of anti-terrorist operation / environmental protection” defining the concept, grounds and conditions of preventive detention, the procedure for obtaining permission for preventive detention, west; determination of the rights and guarantees of their realization by the detained person; the procedure for judicial control, determination of the status of property seized during a personal search and terms for its arrest.

Key words: preventive detention, precautionary measure, anti-terrorist operation, human rights and freedoms, criminal proceedings.

REFERENCES

LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS

LEGISLATION

1. General Comment No. 29, “Derogation during a state of emergency”, in “International human rights instruments: Compilation of general comments and general recommendations adopted by human rights treaty bodies” [General Comment No. 29, “Derogation during a state of emergency”, in “International human rights instruments: Compilation of general comments and general recommendations adopted by human rights treaty bodies”] UN Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.7 (2004), 184 ff.
2. Konstytutsiya Ukrayiny: Zakon Ukrayiny [Constitution of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine] vid 28.06.1996 r. № 254k/96-VR (1996) 30 Vidomosti Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny 141 [in Ukrainian].
3. Konventsiya pro zakhyst prav lyudyny i osnovopolozhnykh svobod [Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms]: vid 04.11.1950 r. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].
4. Polozhennya pro Yedynu derzhavnu systemu zapobihannya, reahuvannya i prypynennya terorystychnykh aktiv ta minimizatsiyi yikh naslidkiv: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrayiny [Regulations on the Unified State System for Prevention, Response and Cessation of Terrorist Acts and Minimization of Their Consequences: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine] vid 18.02.2016 roku № 82. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].
5. Postanova vid 18 zhovtnya 2016 r. u spravi № 800/232/16. Vyshchyy administratyvnyy sud Ukrayiny [Resolution of October 18, 2016 in the case № 800/232/16. Supreme Administrative Court of Ukraine]. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].
6. Pro Kontseptsiyu borotʹby z teroryzmom v Ukrayini: Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrayiny [On the Concept of Combating Terrorism in Ukraine: Decree of the President of Ukraine] vid 05.03.2019 r. № 53/2019. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].
7. Pro vnesennya zmin do Kryminalʹnoho protsesualʹnoho kodeksu Ukrayiny shchodo osoblyvoho rezhymu dosudovoho rozsliduvannya v umovakh voyennoho, nadzvychaynoho stanu abo u rayoni provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi»: Zakon Ukrayiny [About modification of the Criminal procedural code of Ukraine concerning the special mode of pre-judicial investigation in the conditions of a martial law, a state of emergency or in the area of carrying out anti-terrorist operation »: the Law of Ukraine] vid 12.08. 2014 r. № 1631-VII. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].
8. Pro vnesennya zmin do Zakonu Ukrayiny «Pro borotʹbu z teroryzmom» shchodo preventyvnoho zatrymannya u rayoni provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi osib, prychetnykh do terorystychnoyi diyalʹnosti, na strok ponad 72 hodyny» [On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Combating Terrorism” Concerning Preventive Detention in the Area of an Anti-Terrorist Operation of Persons Involved in Terrorist Activities for a Period of More Than 72 Hours” the Law of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrayiny vid 12.08.2014 r. № 1630 – VII. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].
9. Pro Zayavu Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny «Pro vidstup Ukrayiny vid okremykh zobovʺyazanʹ, vyznachenykh Mizhnarodnym paktom pro hromadyansʹki i politychni prava ta Konventsiyeyu pro zakhyst prav lyudyny i osnovopolozhnykh svobod» [On the Statement of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine “On Ukraine’s Derogation from Certain Obligations Defined by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms”: Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]: postanova Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny vid 21 travnya 2015 r. № 462- VIII (2015) 29 Vidomosti Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny 267 [in Ukrainian].
10. Instruktsiya pro poryadok preventyvnoho zatrymannya preventyvnoho zatrymannya u rayoni provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi osib, prychetnykh do terorystychnoyi diyalʹnosti, ta osoblyvoho rezhymu dosudovoho rozsliduvannya v umovakh voyennoho, nadzvychaynoho stanu abo u rayoni provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi [Instruction on the procedure of preventive detention of preventive detention in the area of anti-terrorist operation of persons involved in terrorist activities, and special regime of pretrial investigation in martial law, state of emergency or in the area of anti-terrorist operation: approved. by a joint order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine]: zatv. spilʹnym nakazom MVS Ukrayiny, Heneralʹnoyi prokuratury Ukrayiny ta SBU vid 26.08.2014 № 872/88/537. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].

CASES

1. Case of Kavala v. Turkey [Case of Kavala v. Turkey] (application no. 28749/18) data zvernennya 12.03.2023.
2. Case of Wloch v. Poland (аpplication no. № 27785/95) [Case of Wloch v. Poland (аpplication no. № 27785/95)] data zvernennya 12.03.2023.
3. Foks, Kempbel i Hartli proty Spoluchenoho Korolivstva: rishennya Yevropeysʹkoho sudu z prav lyudyny [Fox, Campbell and Hartley v. The United Kingdom: judgment of the European Court of Human Rights] vid 1 kvit. 1989 r. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].

  BIBLIOGRAPHY JOURNAL ARTICLES

1. Alfred de Zayas, Human rights and indefinite detention [Human rights and indefinite detention] (2005) 87 (857) International Review of the Red Cross 15–38.
2. Berdiuk V I, Pohoretskyi M A, Mizhnarodne spivrobitnytstvo u sferi protydii teroryzmu [International cooperation in countering terrorism] (2009) 21 Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 23–32 [in Ukrainian].
3. Malyshev B., Banchuk O. Pro «dyktatorsʹki» zakony demokratychnoyi derzhavy [On the “dictatorial” laws of a democratic state] Sayt Tsentru polityko-pravovykh reform. 17.09.2014. data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Zatrymannia pidozriuvanoho: problemy obgruntuvannia rishennia [Detention of the suspect: problems of justifying the decision] (2007) 6 (20) Yuryd. radnyk 92–97 [in Ukrainian].
5. Usenko I, Rominsʹkyy YE, Preventyvne zatrymannya v 2.0. Nedomyslennya chy retsydyv represyvnoyi mentalʹnosti? [Preventive detention v 2.0. Misconception or recurrence of the repressive mentality?] Zakon i Biznes 06.05.2014 data zvernennya 12.03.2023 [in Ukrainian].

DISSERTATIONS

1. Lazukova O, Osoblyvyy rezhym dosudovoho rozsliduvannya v umovakh voyennoho, nadzvychaynoho stanu abo u rayoni provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi [Special regime of pre-trial investigation within the conditions of martial law, emergency or in the area of anti-terrorist operation] (dys kand yuryd nauk 12.00.09 Natsionalʹnyy yurydychnyy universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho. Kharkiv, 2018) [in Ukrainian].
2. Moklyak V, Protydiya terorystychniy diyalʹnosti v Ukrayini [Countering terrorist activity in Ukraine] (dys kand yuryd Nauk 12.00.08. Kharkiv, 2020) [in Ukrainian].

CONFERENCE PAPERS

1. Kaplina O V, Problemy zastosuvannya norm kryminalʹnoho protsesualʹnoho zakonodavstva v umovakh provedennya ATO [Problems of application of the norms of criminal procedural legislation in the conditions of ATO] Dosudove rozsliduvannia: aktualni problemy ta shliakhy yikh vyrishennia: materialy post. diiuchoho nauk. – prakt. seminaru (17 zhovt. 2014 r.) (Kharkiv, 2014) 46–51 [in Ukrainian].

22. Rohatyuk I, Rishennya prokurora pid chas zakinchennya dosudovoho slidstva u zvychaynykh ta osoblyvykh umovakh [The prosecutor’s decision at the end of the pre-trial investigation in ordinary and special conditions] Osoblyvosti protsesualʹnoho dokazuvannya u kryminalʹnykh provadzhennyakh pro zlochyny, vchyneni na tymchasovo okupovanykh terytoriyakh: materialy kruhloho stolu (26 lypnya 2016 roku Kyyiv) [in Ukrainian].