Review

Abstract. The article discusses some problematic aspects and features of fixing the course and results of an unspoken secret investigatory (detective) activity – the extracting information from transportation telecommunication networks (hereinafter – TTN). The author notes that taking into account the vast majority of secret investigatory (detective) activities (hereinafter – SIDA) related to the extracting information from TTN (more than 70% in relation to other types of SIDA), and the use of their results in the interests of criminal justice, a natural question arises to ensure the correct recording of the course and results of the SIDA. The conducted study of investigative and judicial practice clearly showed that there are certain problems of fixing this procedural action, which are caused both by the human factor (improper execution of procedural documents, neglect of regulatory requirements and instructions, banal formalism, etc.) and gaps and some imperfections in the regulatory settlement of this issue. This naturally leads to the recognition of the evidence provided by the prosecution at the court hearing, obtained as a result of extracting information from TTN, as improper, which negates the work of the pre-trial investigation bodies. The main purpose of this article is to reasonably prove the need to study the issue of fixing the course and results of extracting information from TTN, determining the requirements for this procedural action and for documents that would provide the information obtained during this SIDA, the legal status of evidence in criminal proceedings. According to the results of the analysis of the relevant legislation and the study of investigative and judicial practice, the author identified typical shortcomings in the preparation of protocols for recording the course and results of this SIDA, which led to the court’s recognition of the evidence as inadmissible. In this regard, the author formulated proposals for improving certain norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and proposed a number of practical recommendations to prevent errors in the preparation of protocols on the conduct of this procedural action. Key words: Fixation, protocol, secret investigatory (detective) activity, transportation telecommunication networks, criminal process.   REFERENCE LIST LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION

1. Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.04.2012 № 4651-VI [Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine: The Law of Ukraine] data zvernennia 05.12.2021 [in Ukranian].
2. Deiaki pytannia shchodo spetsialnykh tekhnichnykh zasobiv dlia zniattia informatsii z kanaliv zv’iazku ta inshykh tekhnichnykh zasobiv nehlasnoho otrymannia informatsii [Some questions regarding special technical means for removing information from communication channels and other technical means of secretly obtaining information]: Postanova KMU vid 22.09.2016 № 669 data zvernennia 24.12.2021 [in Ukranian].
3. Pro zatverdzhennia Instruktsii pro uchast spivrobitnykiv ta pratsivnykiv Ukrainskoho naukovodoslidnoho instytutu spetsialnoi tekhniky ta sudovykh ekspertyz Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy yak spetsialistiv v kryminalnomu provadzhenni [On the approval of the Instructions on the participation of employees and workers of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Special Equipment and Forensics of the Security Service of Ukraine as specialists in criminal proceedings]: Nakaz TsU SBU vid 19.03.2016 № 138 data zvernennia 24.12.2021 [in Ukranian].
4. Pro orhanizatsiiu provedennia nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii ta vykorystannia yikh rezultativ u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [About the organization of secret investigatory (detective) activity and the use of their results in criminal proceedings]: Instruktsiia zatverdzhena spilnym nakazom HPU, MVSU, SBU, MFU, Administratsiieiu DPS Ukrainy ta Ministerstvom yustytsii Ukrainy vid 16.11.2012 № 114/1042/516/1199/936/1681/51 data zvernennia 14.12.2021 [in Ukranian].

CASES

1. Vyrok Krasnoarmiiskoho miskraionnoho sudu Donetskoi oblasti vid 16.11.2015 № 235/3606/15-K data zvernennia 12.12.2021[in Ukranian].
2. Vyrok Slov’ianskoho miskraionnoho sudu Donetskoi oblasti vid 23.07.2019 № 243/7153/16-K data zvernennia 10.12.2021 [in Ukranian].
3. Ukhvala Chernihivskoho apeliatsiinoho sudu vid 25.03.2019 № 738/329/17 data zvernennia 12.12.2021 [in Ukranian].

BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Belkin R, Sobiranie, issledovanie i ocenka dokazatel’stv. Sushhnost’ i metody [Collecting, researching and evaluating evidence. Essence and method] (Moskva 1966) 295 [in Russian].
2. C Kudinov, R Shekhavtsov, O Drozdov, S Hrynenko, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii ta vykorystannia rezultativ operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Secret investigatory (detective) activities and the use of the results of investigative activities in criminal proceedings]: Navchalno-metodychnyi posibnyk. 3-ie vydannia (Kharkiv Vyd-vo «Oberih» 2018) 540 [in Ukranian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [Functional purpose of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 460– 498 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M, Shelomentsev V, Fiksatsiia faktychnykh danykh pro zlochyny Mizhnarodna politseiska entsyklopediia: u 10 t. T. VI: Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist politsii (militsii) [Fixation of factual data about crimes. International police encyclopedia: in 10 volumes. Volume VI: Operative and investigative activities of the police] (K., Atika, 2010) 1042–1043 [in Ukranian].

ARTICLES

1. Kolesnyk V, Deiaki okremi vymohy do skladannia protokolu nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii ta dodatkiv do noho [Some separate requirements for drawing up a protocol of secret investigatory (detective) activity and appendices to it] (2015) 4(29) Chasopys Akademii advokatury Ukrainy 81–85 [in Ukranian].
2. M Pohoretskyi, Yu Kushnernyk Protsesualne kerivnytstvo provadzhenniam slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii pid chas dosudovoho rozsliduvannia hrabezhiv ta rozboiv [Procedural management of secret investigatory (detective) activities during the pre-trial investigation of robberies and robberies] (2014) 1 Pravo i hromadianske suspilstvo 79–89 [in Ukranian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Teoriia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia: problemni pytannia [Theory of criminal procedural evidence: problematic issues] (2014) 10 Pravo Ukrainy 12–25 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Nova kontseptsiia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia [A new concept of criminal procedural evidence] (2015) 3 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva Ukrainy 63–79 [in Ukrainian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii: problemy provadzhennia ta vykorystannia rezultativ u dokazuvanni [Secret investigative (search) actions: problems of proceedings and use of results in evidence] (2013) 1 Yurydychnyi chasopys Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 270–277.
6. Pohoretskyi M A, Proslukhovuvannia telefonnykh rozmov: yevropeiski standarty [Wiretapping: European standards] (2003) 9 Visnyk prokuratury 45–51 [in Ukrainian].
7. Serhieieva D, Problemni aspekty zakonodavchoho vyznachennia vidomostei shchodo nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii, shcho ne pidliahaiut rozgholoshenniu [Problematic aspects of the legislative definition of information regarding secret investigatory (detective) activity that are not subject to disclosure] (2015) 1 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 104–110 [in Ukranian].
8. Shumylo M, Dosudovi isudovi dokazy u KPK Ukrainy [Pre-trial and court evidence in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] (2013) 1 Yurydychnyi chasopys Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 82–86 [in Ukranian].
9. Stetsiuk M, Fiksuvannia kryminalnoho provadzhennia: zmist ta znachennia. Kryminalnyi protses: suchasnyi vymir ta perspektyvni tendentsii’ [Fixing criminal proceedings: content and significance. Criminal process: modern dimension and prospective trend] (2016) 1 Pershyi Kharkivskyi kryminalnyi protsesualnyi poliloh (Kharkiv, 16 hrudnia 2016) 307–314 [in Ukranian].
10. Uvarov V, Zniattia informatsii z tekhnichnykh kanaliv zv’iazku [Removal of information from technical communication channels] (2013) 2 Zovnishnia torhivlia: ekonomika, finansy, pravo 177–181 [in Ukranian].

DISSERTATION

1. Podgolin E, Teorija i praktika fiksacii dokazatel’stv na predvaritel’nom sledstvii [Theory and practice of fixing evidence during the preliminary investigation] (avtoref. diss. … kand. jur. nauk: 12.00.09, Moskva 1970) 21 [in Russian].

WEBSITES

1. International Organization on Computer Evidence data zvernennia 20.11.2021.