Review

Abstract. The article examines the problematic issues of the lawyer’s functions in the criminal process. The purpose of the article is the doctrinal definition of the lawyer’s functions in the domestic criminal process based on the results of the analysis of the doctrinal interpretation of the concept of function in the criminal process, the doctrinal understanding of the status of the lawyer and defense and their functions in the criminal process. On the basis of the analysis of scientific sources, as well as the provisions of the national procedural legislation, the concept, content and types of functions of the lawyer in the criminal process were investigated. The author’s definition of the concept of criminal procedural functions is formulated. It has been proven that a lawyer performs three functions in a criminal trial: defense; representation; advisory and legal assistance. These functions are defined and their content is disclosed. The function of protection as a type of advocacy consists in ensuring the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a suspect, accused, defendant, convicted, acquitted, a person in relation to whom the use of coercive measures of a medical or educational nature is expected or the question of their use in criminal proceedings is being decided, a person, in relation to which the question of extradition to a foreign state (extradition) is being considered, as well as a person who is criminally liable in criminal proceedings. The function of representation as a type of lawyer’s activity is to ensure the implementation of the rights and obligations of the client in the criminal process, namely the implementation of the rights and obligations of the victim, civil plaintiff, civil defendant and witness. The function of advisory and legal assistance as a type of advocacy consists in providing legal information, consultations and clarifications on legal issues, legal support of the client’s activities, drafting statements, complaints, procedural and other documents of a legal nature, aimed at ensuring the realization of rights and freedoms and legitimate interests of the client, preventing their violations, as well as assisting in their restoration in the event of a violation. It is proved that in comparison with Art. 48 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine of 1960, in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine of 2012 (Articles 46–54), the legislator significantly expanded the list of grounds for which a defense attorney, after being involved in criminal proceedings, has the right to refuse to perform his duties. It is emphasized that the current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine significantly improved the legal status of the defender, compared to the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 1960, which is manifested, in particular, in the establishment of additional procedural rights and a special procedure for his entry into criminal proceedings. Key words: lawyer, defender, functions, protection, criminal proceedings, pre-trial investigation, representation, legal assistance.   REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION

1. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy [Constitution of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 28.06.1996 № 254k/96-VR (1996) 30 Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 141 [in Ukrainian].
2. Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.04.2012 № 4651-VI data zvernennia18.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
3. Kryminalno-protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 28.12.1960 (1961) 2 Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady 15 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pro advokaturu ta advokatsku diialnist [On advocacy and advocacy] Zakon Ukrainy vid 05.07.2012 № 5076-VI data zvernennia 18.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
5. Pro advokaturu ta advokatsku diialnist [On advocacy and advocacy] Zakon Ukrainy (2013) 27 Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady (VVR) 282 [in Ukrainian].
6. Pro zapobihannia koruptsii [On Prevention of Corruption] Zakon Ukrainy vid 14.10.2014 № 1700-VII data zvernennia 20.05.2021 [in Ukrainian].
7. Ugolovno-processual’nyj kodeks USRR [Code of Criminal Procedure of the Ukrainian SSR] VUCIK ot 13.09.1922 (H., 1922) 198.
8. Ugolovno-processual’nyj kodeks USSR [Code of Criminal Procedure of the Ukrainian SSR] (1927) 36–38. 167–168.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Hloviuk I V, Kryminalno-protsesualni funktsii: teoriia, metodolohiia ta praktyka realizatsii na osnovi polozhen Kryminalnoho protsesualnoho kodeksu Ukrainy 2012 r [Criminal procedural functions: theory, methodology and implementation practice based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine 2012] (Odesa: Yurydychna literatura, 2015) 712 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Yanovska O H, Advokatura Ukrainy [Bar of Ukraine] (Iurinkom Inter, 2014) 368 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Kuchynska O P, Yanovska O H ta in. Zakon Ukrainy Pro advokaturu ta advokatsku diialnist naukovo-praktychnyi komentar. 2-he vyd [The Law of Ukraine On Advocacy and Advocacy: Scientific and Practical Commentary. 2nd edition] (Kyiv, Alerta, 2019) 346 [in Ukrainian].
4. Popeliushko V O, Funktsiia zakhystu v kryminalnomu sudochynstvi Ukrainy: pravovi, teoretychni ta prykladni problemy [The function of protection in criminal justice of Ukraine: legal, theoretical and applied problems] (Ostroh, 2009) 636 [in Ukrainian].
5. Yurchyshyn V M, Mistse i rol prokurora u dosudovomu rozsliduvanni ta yikh vidobrazhennia v teorii, zakonodavstvi i praktytsi [The place and role of the prosecutor in the pre-trial investigation and their reflection in theory, legislation and practice] (Chernivtsi, Vydav. dim «Rodovid», 2013) 308 [in Ukrainian].

EDITED BOOKS

1. V T Busel (red.), Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy [Large explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language] (Kyiv, Irpin: VTF «Perun», 2009) 1552 [in Ukrainian].

ARTICLES

1. Pohoretskyi M, Prokuror u kryminalnomu protsesi: shchodo vyznachennia funktsii [Prosecutor in criminal proceedings: regarding the definition of functions] (2015) 6 Pravo Ukrainy 86–95 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Pohoretskyi M M, Harantii advokatskoi taiemnytsi u rishenniakh Yevropeiskoho sudu z prav liudyny ta yikh implementatsiinyi vplyv na kryminalne protsesualne zakonodavstvo Ukrainy i pravozastosovnu praktyku [Guarantees of attorney confidentiality in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and their implementation impact on the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine and law enforcement practice] (2016) 2 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 77–87 [in Ukrainian].

CONFERENCE PAPERS

1. M A Pohoretskyi, Zakhysnyk – sub’iekt dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi [Defense attorney – the subject of evidence in a criminal trial] Orhanizatsiia advokatury i nadannia pravovoi dopomohy v demokratychnomu suspilstvi: dopovidi uchasnykiv mizhn. nauk. – prakt. konf., 18–19 zhovt. 2002 r. (K.: IA pry KU im. T. Shevchenka, 2002) 27–30 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Zakhysnyk – sub’iekt dokazuvannia na dosudovomu provadzhenni za chynnym KPK Ukrainy: problemni pytannia [Defense counsel – the subject of evidence in pre-trial proceedings under the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine: problematic issues] Aktualni pytannia derzhavotvorennia v Ukraini: materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (m. Kyiv, 23 travnia 2014 r.) (K., PrintServis, 2014) 480–482 [in Ukrainian].

DISSERTATIONS

1. Malanchuk P M, Funktsiia zakhystu v kryminalnomu protsesi Ukrainy [The function of defense in the criminal process of Ukraine] (dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav. Kyiv, 2008) 201 [in Ukrainian].
2. Obrizan N M, Zakhysnyk yak sub’iekt dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi [Defense counsel as a subject of evidence in a criminal trial] (dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav. Kyiv, 2008) [in Ukrainian].
3. Starenkyi O S, Kryminalni protsesualni harantii zakhysnyka yak sub’iekta dokazuvannia u dosudovomu rozsliduvanni [Criminal procedural guarantees of the defender as a subject of evidence in the pretrial investigation] (dys. d-ra. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. KNU im. Tarasa Shevchenka. Kyiv, 2016) [in Ukrainian].
4. Vilchyk T B, Advokatura yak instytut realizatsii prava na pravovu dopomohu: porivnialno-pravovyi analiz zakonodavstva krain Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu ta Ukrainy [Advocacy as an institution for the realization of the right to legal aid: a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the countries of the European Union and Ukraine] (dys. … d-ra. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.10. Natsionalnyi yurydychnyi universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho. Kharkiv, 2016) [in Ukrainian].

WEBSITES

1. Pravyla advokatskoi etyky, zatverdzheni Zvitno-vybornym zizdom advokativ Ukrainy 09 chervnia 2017 r. [Rules of lawyer ethics, approved by the Reporting and Electoral Congress of Lawyers of Ukraine on June 9, 2017] data zvernennia 20.05.2021.