Review

Abstract. In a situation where our state has faced a significant number of threats from the Russian Federation, among which threats of information terrorism and extremism represent a significant part of the existing risks, the number of criminal investigations into the facts of committing such crimes has increased. The investigation of almost each of them is associated with the need to use particular knowledge to ensure completeness, comprehensiveness, objectivity and at the same time compliance with reasonable deadlines for pre-trial investigation. The peculiarity of a significant number of modern expert studies conducted in criminal proceedings on extremist crimes is that their objects are products of speech activity which find their expression in oral or written speech and are stored on a storage medium in graphic or digital forms. Both data storage materials and the speech product stored on them are subject to expert research. The aim of research is to analyse the practice of using the capabilities of forensic examination in order to study texts during the pre-trial investigation of crimes related to public calls for committing illegal actions aimed at undermining the constitutional order, territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine; to reveal the potentials of linguistic expert examination and to justify the need for comprehensive psychological and linguistic studies of texts calling for the perpetration of illegal actions, as well as denial of the legitimacy of resolving legal issues during such examinations. The study substantiates that the most important tool for identifying, investigating and proving facts of extremist activities aimed at undermining the constitutional order, territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine are forensic examination and expert research. Manifestations of speech extremism become frequent objects of study in forensic linguistic examination. When translating the signs of such extremist crimes into a meta-language of linguistic semantics, two groups of features are distinguished – semantic and pragmatic. By virtue of introduction of the methodology for conducting forensic linguistic, psychological and linguistic examination of materials in criminal proceedings related to the investigation of the facts of calls for extremism and terrorism, modern experts are armed with a system of linguistic categories and methods that must be used in the study of statements that have fallen into the legal sphere. Forensic examinations in such criminal proceedings are also a means of remedial action, since the correctness of its expert evaluation depends on an objective, methodically correct expert assessment of the disputed material. Due to the verbal nature of the objects of expert research, bodies of pre-trial investigation most often appoint forensic linguistic, psychological, psycho-linguistic, and other examinations, as well as various options for complex research. Keywords: criminal proceedings, forensic examination, linguistic expertise, psychological and linguistic expertise, competence of the expert, calls for committing illegal actions, texts with calls for committing crimes REFERENCE LIST BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Budko T, Linhvistychna ekspertyza v Ekspertyzy u sudochynstvi Ukrainy [Linguistic expertise in Expertise in the judiciary of Ukraine] (Iurinkom Inter, 2015) 474 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Problemy vykorystannia materialiv operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti v kryminalnomu protsesi [Problems of using the materials of operational and investigative activities in the criminal process] (Kyiv, RVV NA SBU, 2004) 232 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-pravova otsinka materialiv operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti [Criminal-­legal evaluation of materials of operational and investigative activity] Mizhnarodna politseiska entsyklopediia: u 10 t. T. VI: Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist politsii (militsii) / vidp. red. V V Kovalenko, Ye V Moiseiev, V Ya Tatsii, Yu S Shemshuchenko (Kyiv, Atika, 2010) 414 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [The functional purpose of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 464–496 [in Ukrainian].

EDITED BOOKS

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Serhieieva D B (za red.), Kryminalistychna taktyka [Forensic tactics: training.] navch. posib (Kyiv, Alerta, 2016) 67 [in Ukrainian].

ARTICLES

1. Azhniuk L, Linhvistychna ekspertyza yak yurydychnyi instrument [Linguistic expertise as a legal tool] (2017) 66 Movoznavchi studii 8 [in Ukrainian].
2. Budko T, Sudovo-linhvistychna ta nesudova (naukova) linhvistychna ekspertyzy (teoretyko-pravovi aspekty) [Forensic linguistic and non-judicial (scientific) linguistic examinations (theoretical and legal aspects)] (2016) 61 Kryminalistyka i sudova ekspertyza 308 [in Ukrainian]. 8. Budko T, Teoretychni aspekty ekspertnoi metodyky kryminalno-pravovoi otsinky informatsii, yaka mistytsia v tekstakh movnykh povidomlen [Theoretical aspects of the expert methodology of criminal-legal assessment of information contained in the texts of speech messages] (2013) 58 (1) Kryminalistyka i sudova ekspertyza 212 [in Ukrainian].
3. Hora I, Kolesnyk V, Vykorystannia suchasnykh ekspertnykh tekhnolohii dlia vyrishennia okremykh zadach u tradytsiinykh kryminalistychnykh ekspertyzakh [Use of modern expert technologies to solve specific problems in traditional forensic examinations] (2020) 65 Kryminalistyka i sudova ekspertyza: mizhvidomchyi naukovo-metodychnyi zbirnyk 26 [in Ukrainian].
4. Haponchuk V, Publichni zaklyky do vchynennia zlochynnykh dii: linhvistychnyi analiz [Public calls to commit criminal acts: a linguistic analysis] (2018) 1 (11) Istoryko-pravovyi chasopys 108 [in Ukrainian].
5. Kushnirenko S, Kharatishvili A, Ispolzovaniye rezultatov lingvisticheskoy ekspertizy v dokazyvanii po ugolovnym delam [Using the results of linguistic expertise in proving criminal cases] (2019) ІІ Criminalistics and forensic expertology: science. studies. practice 200 [in Russian].
6. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-pravova otsinka operatyvno-rozshukovoi informatsii u spravakh pro zlochyny proty osoby [Criminal-legal evaluation of operative-investigative information in cases of crimes against a person] (2001) 16 Visnyk Un-tu vnutrishnikh sprav 30–35 [in Ukrainian].
7. Pohoretskyi M A, Dokazy u kryminalnomu protsesi: problemni pytannia [Evidence in the criminal process: problematic issues] (2011) 1 (3) Chasopys Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Seriia «Pravo» data zvernennia 18.09.2022.
8. Svyrydova L, Linhvistychna ekspertyza movlennia na suchasnomu etapi yii rozvytku [Linguistic examination of speech at the current stage of its development] (2018) 2 Naukovyi visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav 120 [in Ukrainian].

CONFERENCE PAPERS

1. Tykva V, Okremi pravovi problemy protydii rozpovsiudzhenniu destruktyvnykh materialiv u merezhi Internet v Ukraini [Separate legal problems of combating the distribution of destructive materials on the Internet in Ukraine] Aktualni problemy upravlinnia informatsiinoiu bezpekoiu derzhavy: Naukovo-praktychna konferentsiia (Kyiv, NA SBU 2019) 133 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Aktualni pytannia teorii dokaziv [Actual issues of the theory of evidence] Dokazy i dokazuvannia za novym Kryminalnym protsesualnym kodeksom Ukrainy (do 75‑richchia z dnia narodzhennia doktora yurydychnykh nauk, profesora Mykhaila Makarovycha Mykheienka): materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovo-­praktychnoi konferentsii, 6–7 hrudnia 2012 r., m. Kyiv (Kharkiv, Vydavets StrokovD.V., 2013) 15–22 [inUkrainian].

WEBSITES 11. Ponad 1200 kryminalnykh provadzhen shchodo zlochyniv proty osnov natsbezpeky rozsliduie DBR [More than 1,200 criminal proceedings regarding crimes against the foundations of national security are being investigated by the SBI] data zvernennia 18.09.2022 [in Ukrainian].