Review

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of admissibility of evidence in the criminal procedural law of the European Union and its impact on criminal justice in Ukraine. Authors analyze the legislative regulation and scientific approaches to determining the admissibility of evidence in European countries. The article establishes that there is no unity among the EU member states in determining the legal nature of the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings, namely: there are legal systems that strictly filter the information admitted to the trial (the so-called «controlled systems»), and legal systems that leave it to the discretion of the judge to assess the expediency of ignoring illegal evidence («free evidence systems»). Beyond this general distinction, evidence laws vary considerably among countries. As well as the rules of obtaining and admissibility of different types of evidence (witness testimony, interception of telephone conversations, etc.). Authors emphasize that with the increasing volume and importance of cross-border investigations in the European Union, ensuring the admissibility of evidence obtained in another Member State becomes crucial for both effective law enforcement and the protection of fundamental rights. National prosecuting authorities often investigate crimes in which part of the evidence is located abroad (a witness is abroad, the crime was committed by passing through a foreign territory, the offender crossed the border, or the crime was committed in a digital environment, etc.) In accordance with Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Articles 47 and 48 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, it is necessary to ensure that evidence obtained during cross-­border investigations does not lead to its illegal or unfair use. It is concluded that the implementation of international standards, the study of the judicial practice of the European Union and the results of the work of scientists will contribute to the updating of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, but it is important to take into account the national peculiarities of criminal proceedings. Keywords: evidence, admissible evidence, criminal procedure, pre-trial investigation, legislation of the European Union. REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION

1. Green Paper on obtaining evidence in criminal matters from one Member State to another and securing its admissibility. Brussels. 11.11.2009. COM (2009) 624 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
2. The Stockholm Programme – An open and secure Europe serving and protecting citizens. Official Journal of the European Union. P. 115. 04.05.2010 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
3. Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters. Official Journal of the European Union. L 130 [in English].

CASES

1. Case ECtHR, 26.04.2007, Popescu v Romania, № 49234/99, 71525/01, § 106 , data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
2. Case ECtHR, 01.06.2010, Gäfgen v Germany, № 22978/05, § § 98–99 , data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
3. Case ECtHR, 09.06.1998, Teixeira de Castro v Portugal, № 25829/94, § § 38–39 , data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
4. Case ECtHR, 27.11.2008, Salduz v Turkey, № 36391/02 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
5. Case ECtHR, 05.11.2002, Allan v the United Kingdom, № 48539/99 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
6. Case ECtHR, 10.07.2012, Vidgen v the Netherlands, № 29353/06 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
7. Case Supreme Court USA, «Nix v. Williams» (1984) data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].
8. Case ECtHR, 22/05/2018, Svietina proty Slovenii, № 38059/13 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].
9. Postanova Verkhovnoho Sudu [Supreme Court decision] vid 27 chervnia 2019 roku, sprava № 235/6552/15‑k data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].

BIBLIOGRAPHY JOURNAL ARTICLES

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BOOKS

1. Lyseiuk A M, Dokazuvannia na dosudovomu etapi kryminalnykh provadzhen shchodo zlochyniv u sferi nezakonnoho obihu pidaktsyznykh tovariv: problemy teorii ta praktyky [Evidence at the pre-trial stage of criminal proceedings on crimes in the field of illicit trafficking of excisable goods: problems of theory and practice]: monohrafiia (Kyiv, 2019) 326 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].
2. Caianiello M, Camon A (eds.), Digital Forensic Evidence. Towards Common European Standards in Antifraud Administrative and Criminal Investigations, Kluwer CEDAM (2021). data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in English].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [The functional purpose of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 576 [in Ukranian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist i kryminalnyi protses: problemy vzaiemozv’iazku [Operative investigative activity and the criminal process: problems of interconnection] (Luhansk, Luhanskyi derzh. un-t vnutr. sprav im. E. O. Didorenka, 2008) 216 [in Ukrainian].

DISSERTATION

1. Smyrnov V A, Dopustymist yak kryterii otsinky dokaziv u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Admissibility as a criterion for evaluating evidence in criminal proceedings] (avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. MVS Ukrainy, Khark. nats. un-t vnutr. sprav. Kharkiv, 2021) 24 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].
2. Chuprikova I L, Dopustymist dokaziv u svitli novoho Kryminalnoho protsesualnoho kodeksu [Admissibility of evidence in the light of the new Criminal Procedure Code] (dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. 2016) 191 [in Ukrainian].

THESIS

1. Koniushenko Ya Yu, Korol M H, Vazhlyvist pokazan svidka u kryminalnomu provadzheni [Importance of witness testimony in criminal proceedings] Stratehichnyi potentsial derzhavnoho ta terytorialnoho rozvytku: materialy IV mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (naukove elektronne vydannia) m. Mariupol, 9 zhovtnia 2020 (r. Mariupol, 2020) 160–161 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].
2. Klymkevych R A, Problemni pytannia vzaiemnoho vyznannia dokaziv u mezhakh YeS [Problematic issues of mutual recognition of evidence within the EU] Pravove zhyttia suchasnoi Ukrainy: u 2 t.: mater. Mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. (m. Odesa, 17 trav. 2019 r.) (Odesa, VD «Helvetyka», 2019) T. 2, 391–394 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi: poniattia, zmist, struktura [Evidence in the criminal process: concept, content, structure] Aktualni problemy dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu provadzhenni: Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi Internet-konferentsii (27 lystopada 2013 r., m. Odesa) (Odesa, Yurydychna literatura, 2013) 39 [in Ukrainian].
4. Yurchyshyn V D, Dopustymist ta nedopustymist informatsii/dokaziv u mizhnarodnomu kryminalnomu sudi: osnovni polozhennia [Admissibility and inadmissibility of information/evidence in the international criminal court: main provisions] Kryminalna yustytsiia suchasnoi Ukrainy: vyklyky ta perspektyvy: materialy Mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf., prysv. do 75‑richchia d.iu.n., prof. Yu. P. Alenina (m. Odesa, 20 lyst. 2021 r.) (Odesa, 2021) 152–156 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].

37. Tepak S Ya, Vzaiemozviazok dostovirnosti z inshymy protsesualnymy vlastyvostiamy dokaziv [Tepak, Interrelation of reliability with other procedural properties of evidence] Yevropeiskyi vybir Ukrainy, rozvytok nauky ta natsionalna bezpeka v realiiakh masshtabnoi viiskovoi ahresii ta hlobalnykh vyklykiv KhKhI stolittia» (do 25‑richchia Natsionalnoho universytetu «Odeska yurydychna akademiia» ta 175‑richchia Odeskoi shkoly prava): u 2 t.: materialy Mizhnar.nauk.-prakt. konf. (m. Odesa, 17 chervnia 2022 r.) (Odesa, Vydavnychyi dim «Helvetyka», 2022) T. 2, 476–479 data zvernennia 17.11.2022 [in Ukrainian].