Review

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of defining the concept of «subject of proof» in criminal proceedings in Ukraine. Currently, in the scientific literature, there is a plurality of different views and concepts in understanding the concept and content of «subject of proof», highlighting the «main fact» in the system of elements of the subject of proof, as well as in understanding the limits of proof. The author of the article aims to investigate theoretical and practical approaches to the definition of the concept of «subject of proof» in criminal proceedings, to carry out a comparative analysis of various scientific and practical points of view to the definition of this concept, as well as to improve approaches to understanding the subject of proof. Scientific approaches to understanding the subject of proof and their practical significance in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine are considered. Problematic issues of the concept of «subject of proof» have been identified. Based on the analysis of the literature and provisions of the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the essential features of the subject of proof have been determined. The author’s definition of the concept of the subject of proof is proposed, which is a fundamental category of proof and consists in the disclosure of the amount of circumstances (structural elements of the subject) that are subject to establishment in criminal proceedings, as well as other circumstances that are important for the correct resolution of a specific case, and are subject to. The subject of proof includes the circumstances defined normatively in Part 1 of Art. 91 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, however, is broader and specified in relation to a certain type of criminal offense taking into account the norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author also analyzed the relationship between the concepts of «subject of proof» and «limits of proof» and established that the concept of «subject of proof» and the concept of «limits of proof» are related, but have different meanings and cannot be equated. It is proved that the limits of proof depend on the subject of proof. Keywords: proof; subject of proof; criminal proceedings, limits of proof, the main fact. REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION 1.Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.04.2012 № 4651-VI data zvernennia 24.12.2022 [in Ukrainian]. BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Blahuta R I, Anheleniuk A-M Yu, Hutsuliak Yu V ta in, Dosudove rozsliduvannia [Pre-trial investigation] (Lviv, LvDUVS, 2019) 600 [in Ukrainian].
2. Vapniarchuk V V, Teoriia i praktyka kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia [Theory and practice of criminal procedural evidence] (Kharkiv, Yuray̆t, 2017) 408 [in Ukrainian].
3. Honcharenko V H, Dokazuvannia v kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Evidence in criminal proceedings]: naukovo-praktychnyy̆ posibnyk (Kyiv, Pretsedent, 2014) 45 [in Ukrainian].
4. Hroshevyy̆ Yu M, Stakhivskyi S M, Dokazy i dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi [Evidence and proof in the criminal process] (Kyiv, KNT, 2006) 272 [in Ukrainian].
5. Loboiko L M, Kryminalno-protsesualne pravo. Kurs lektsii [Criminal procedural law. Course of lectures]: navchalnyi posibnyk. 2‑he vyd. zmin. i dop. (Kyiv, Istyna, 2008) 185 [in Ukrainian]. 7. Mykheienko M M, Dokazivanye v sovetskom uholovnom sudoproyzvodstve [Evidence in Soviet criminal proceedings] (Kyiv, Yzd-vo pry Kyevskom unyversytete yzdatelskoho obъedenenyia «Vyshcha shkola», 1984) 134 [in Russian].
6. Moldovan A V, Kryminalnyi protses: Ukraina, FRN, Frantsiia, Anhliia, SShA [Criminal process: Ukraine, Germany, France, England, USA] (Kyiv, Tsentr uchbovoi literatury, 2010) 352 [in Ukrainian].
7. Pohoretskyy̆ M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoï diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [Functional assignment of investigative activity in the criminal process]: monohrafiia (Xarkiv, Arsis, LTD, 2007) 576 [in Ukrainian].
8. Popeliushko V O, Predmet dokazuvannia v kryminalnomu protsesi [The subject of proof in a criminal trial] (Ostroh, 2001) 185 [in Ukrainian].
9. Stakhivskyi S M, Teoriia i praktyka kryminalno-protsesualnoho dokazuvannia [Theory and practice of criminal procedural evidence] (Kyiv, 2005) 272 [in Ukrainian].

ARTICLES

1. Babanly R Sh, Sirotkina M V, Dovedenist vyny poza rozumnym sumnivom u kryminalnomu protsesi Ukrainy: osoblyvosti rozuminnia ta pravozastosuvannia [Proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in the criminal process of Ukraine: features of understanding and law enforcement] (2013) № 10 Advokat 20 [in Ukrainian].
2. Omelchuk L V, Fedorenko Ye V, Vyznachennia predmeta ta mezh dokazuvannia pid chas sudovoho rozghliadu u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Determination of the subject matter and limits of evidence during the trial in criminal proceedings] (2020) 8 Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal 437 data zverneny 24.12.2022 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M, Teoriia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia: problemni pytannia [Theory of criminal procedural evidence: problematic issues] (2014) 10 Pravo Ukrainy 12–25 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M A, Nova kontseptsiia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia [New concept of criminal procedural evidence] (2015) 3 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva Ukrainy 63–79 [in Ukrainian].
5. Starenkyi O S, Shchodo vyznachennia poniattia mezh dokazuvannia v kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Regarding the definition of the concept of limits of proof in criminal proceedings] (2014) № 1(9) Chasopys Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia» Seriia «Pravo» 1–9 data zverneny 24.12.2022 [in Ukrainian].

CONFERENCE PAPERS

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi: poniattia, zmist, struktura [Evidence in the criminal process: concept, content, structure] Aktualni problemy dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu provadzhenni: Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi Internet-konferentsii (27 lystopada 2013 r., m. Odesa) / vidpov. za vypusk Yu. P. Alenin (Odesa, Yurydychna literatura, 2013) 17–21 [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Nova kontseptsiia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia ta yii realizatsiia v chynnomu KPK Ukrainy [New concept of criminal procedural evidence and its implementation in the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Aktualni pytannia dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi: zbirnyk materialiv naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (m. Kyiv, 27 liutoho 2015 roku) (Kyiv, Vydavets, 2015) 22–27 [in Ukrainian].

DISSERTATION

1. Dieiev M V, Dostatnist dokaziv u kryminalnomu protsesi Ukrainy [Sufficiency of evidence in the criminal process of Ukraine] (avtoref. dys… kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. Kyïv. KNU imeni Tarasa Shevchenka, 2008) 5 [in Ukrainian].
2. Stankovych M I, Mezhi dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Limits of evidence in criminal proceedings] (dys… kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. Kyïv, NAVS, 2019) 246 [in Ukrainian].

21. Stakhivskyy̆ S M, Kryminalno-protsesualni zasoby [Criminal procedural means] (avtoref dys… d-ra yuryd. nauk: 12.00.09. Kyïv. NAVS, 2005) 11–12 [in Ukrainian].