Review

Abstract. The article is devoted to the issue of determining whether a teacher is recognized as an official and, accordingly, a subject of a corruption offense under Article 368 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine when conducting control measures with regard to students, and also what criminal law assessment should be given to the corrupt behavior of a teacher that consists in obtaining an unlawful benefit if a negative answer to this question is received. Achieving the relevant research result is the purpose of this article. It is argued that such behavior by a teacher should be qualified under the relevant part of Article 354 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Bribery of an employee of an enterprise, institution, or organization”. It is determined that the meaning of organizational and administrative functions is a feature of the criminal law concept of an official. It is proven that when recognizing a person as an official, such a criterion as the authority to perform legally significant actions in the course of his or her official duties that give rise to the emergence, change, or termination of legal relations should not be taken into consideration. This provision is further specified for the needs of the educational sector. It is noted that the approach according to which persons engaged in professional activities in the provision of public services should also be recognized as persons providing educational services is controversial. It is shown that the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine still contains uncertainty about the criminal legal status of a teacher, and therefore the document needs to be revised in this aspect.

Keywords: Criminal Code of Ukraine, corruption offense, unlawful benefit, official, organizational, and administrative functions, teacher, bribing an employee of an enterprise, institution, organization, professional activity in the provision of public services.

REFERENCES

LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS

LEGISLATION

1. Pro Zasady derzhavnoi antykoruptsiinoi polityky na 2021–2025 roky [On the Principles of State AntiCorruption Policy for 2021–2025] Zakon Ukrainy vid 20.06.2020 data zvernennia 15.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].
2. Proiekt novoho Kryminalnoho kodeksu Ukrainy [Draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine] (stanom na 19.05.2023 roku z vrakhuvanniam rekomendatsii linhvistychnoi ekspertyzy ta okremykh zauvazhen natsionalnykh i zarubizhnykh ekspertiv) data zvernennia 27.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].

CASES

1. Vyrok Sievierodonetskoho miskoho sudu Luhanskoi oblasti vid 26.11.2021 u spravi № 428/3835/19 [The sentence of the Sievierodonetsk City Court of Luhansk region of November 26, 2021]. data zvernennia 15.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].
2. Postanova kolehii suddiv Pershoi sudovoi palaty Kasatsiinoho kryminalnoho sudu Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 18.10.2022 u spravi № 444/930/16 [The decision of the panel of judges of the First Judicial Chamber of the Criminal Court of Cassation of the Supreme Court of 18 October 2022] data zvernennia 15.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].

BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Andrushko P P, Stryzhevska A A, Zlochyny u sferi sluzhbovoi diialnosti [Offenses in the area of official activities] (Kyiv, 2006) [in Ukrainian].
2. Dudorov O O, Kolomoiets T O, Kushnir S M, Makarenkov O L, Zahalnoteoretychni, administratyvnota kryminalno-pravovi osnovy kontseptualizatsii antykoruptsiinoi reformy v Ukraini [General Theoretical, Administrative, and Criminal Law Bases for Conceptualizing Anti-Corruption Reform in Ukraine] (Zaporizhzhia, 2019) [in Ukrainian].
3. Dudorov O, Kryminalno-pravovi problemy suchasnoi Ukrainy (vybrani pratsi) [Criminal Law Issues of Modern Ukraine (selected works)] (Kyiv,2022) [in Ukrainian].
4. Koruptsiini skhemy: yikh kryminalno-pravova kvalifikatsiia i dosudove rozsliduvannia [Corruption schemes: the criminal law qualification and pre-trial investigation] / Dudorov O O, Zhytnyi O O, Zadoia K P ta in. (Kyiv 2019) [in Ukrainian].
5. Maksymovych R L, Poniattia sluzhbovoi osoby u kryminalnomu pravi Ukrainy [The Concept of an Official in the Criminal Law of Ukraine] (Lviv, 2008) [in Ukrainian].
6. Navrotskyi V O, Naskrizni kryminalno-pravovi poniattia [Cross-cutting criminal law concepts] (Kyiv, 2023) [in Ukrainian].
7. Tiutiuhin V I, Hrodetskyi Yu V, Hizymchuk S V, Zlochyny u sferi sluzhbovoi diialnosti ta profesiinoi diialnosti, pov’iazanoi z nadanniam publichnykh posluh [Offenses in the area of official activities and professional activities related to the provision of public services] (Kharkiv, 2014) [in Ukrainian].
8. Zadoia K P, Uzahalnennia problem zastosuvannia zakonodavstva, shcho vstanovliuie vidpovidalnist za koruptsiini zlochyny [Summarizing the issues of the application of legislation establishing liability for corruption offenses] (Kyiv, 2019). data zvernennia 15.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].

EDITED BOOKS

1. Busel V T (za red.), Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy [Big explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language] (Kyiv, Irpin: VTF «Perun», 2009) 563 [in Ukrainian].
2. Khavroniuk M I (za red.), Nastilna knyha detektyva, prokurora, suddi: komentar antykoruptsiinoho zakonodavstva [A handbook for detectives, prosecutors, and judges: a commentary on anti-corruption legislation] (Kyiv, 2017) [in Ukrainian].

JOURNAL ARTICLES

1. Streltsov Ye, Shevchuk V, Koruptsiia v osviti [Corruption in education] (2012) 9 Yurydychnyi visnyk Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
2. Tsyvinskii O I, Oznaky sluzhbovoi osoby u kryminalnomu pravi Ukrainy [Characteristics of an official in the criminal law of Ukraine] (2021) 2 Sotsialno-pravovi studii [in Ukrainian].

DISSERTATIONS

1. Maksymovych R L, Poniattia sluzhbovoi osoby u kryminalnomu pravi Ukrainy [The Concept of an Official in the Criminal Law of Ukraine] (avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.08. Lviv, 2007) 12 [in Ukrainian].
2. Riabenko M V, Kryminalno-pravova okhorona profesiinoi diialnosti, pov’iazanoi z nadanniam publichnykh posluh [Criminal law protection of professional activities related to the provision of public services] (dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.08. Kyiv, 2016) 161–162 [in Ukrainian].
3. Ovod K K, Kryminalno-pravova kharakterystyka pidkupu pratsivnyka pidpryiemstva, ustanovy, orhanizatsii (st. 354 KK Ukrainy) [Criminal law characteristics of bribery of an employee of an enterprise, institution or organisation (Article 354 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)]: (dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.08. Kharkiv, 2017) 129–132 [in Ukrainian].

WEBSITES

1. Koruptsiia v Ukraini 2021: rozuminnia, spryiniattia, poshyrenist [Corruption in Ukraine in 2021: understanding, perception, and prevalence] Zvit za rezultatamy opytuvannia naselennia ta biznesu (Kyiv 2022) [in Ukrainian].
2. Vysnovok natsionalnykh ekspertiv na proiekt Kryminalnoho kodeksu Ukrainy (kontrolnyi tekst stanom na 30.01.2023 r.) [Conclusion of national experts on the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine]. data zvernennia 27.05.2023 [in Ukrainian].