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SCIENTIFIC - PRACTICAL JOURNAL "HERALD OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE"

CONCERNING THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF THE OPERATIVE AND INVESTIGATIVE ENFORCEMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES BY THE PROSECUTING PARTY

CONCERNING THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF THE OPERATIVE AND INVESTIGATIVE ENFORCEMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES BY THE PROSECUTING PARTY

Pages: 19-40
Year: 2022
Location: Pravova Ednist Ltd

Review

Annotation. One of the priority areas of Ukraine’s development as a state governed by the rule of law is the protection of the legitimate interests, rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Law enforcement agencies, special services, courts are the key institutions on whose activities the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, security and law and order depend. The level of law and order in the state and society depends on the strict observance of the current legislation by the mentioned institutions. In this context, the strict observance by investigators, operatives and the court of the norms of the legislation regulating the conduct of covert investigative actions, in particular a special investigative experiment, acquires special significance. The purpose of the article is to determine the permissible limits of behavior of an investigator or operational officer during a special investigative experiment. The study shows the significant shortcomings of current legislation governing the conduct of a special investigative experiment and the practice of its application. As a result it is offered: 1. Given that a special investigative experiment is carried out on crimes that are being prepared or committed, as well as the practical impossibility of distinguishing between conditions that should contribute to the manifestation of existing intentions of the object of the case and conditions that contribute to the formation of such intentions and their implementation active actions to create conditions conducive to the development of a crime or the formation of criminal intent. 2. Since the experiment differs from observation by active interaction with the object under study, the very concept of «special investigative experiment» and its definition are given in the Instruction on the organization of covert investigative (search) actions and use of their results in criminal proceedings. It is proposed to replace the term «special investigative experiment» with the term «special investigative control» or «passive investigative experiment» and define it as observation of a person whose actions show signs of a serious or especially serious crime in order to verify the real intentions of such person and obtain information and documents relevant to the pre-trial investigation. 3. Concerning a special investigative experiment in the understanding of the Instruction, ie regarding active actions to create conditions that contribute to the development of certain events. Such methods of operative-search or counter-intelligence activities, as shown above, are quite acceptable and, under certain conditions, are effective means of detecting and preventing crimes. However, their results cannot be used as evidence in criminal proceedings. This is not a criminal procedure, it is an operational search or counterintelligence activity. With this content of these measures, it is necessary to abandon the concept of «special investigative experiment» and return to the concept of «operational experiment», which should be applied and defined in departmental regulations. suspect on behalf of the investigator, prosecutor; implementation of a complex of measures for operative and investigative support of criminal proceedings. Operational investigative provision of criminal procedural evidence affects guarantees of human rights both in operational investigative activities and in criminal proceedings. It is proved that the successful investigation and disclosure and investigation of any crime can be carried out only under the conditions of its organizational-tactical operational-search support. It is justified that, based on the fact that in the course of operational-investigative measures during the operational-investigative implementation of criminal procedural guarantees of the prosecution, human rights are often violated, there is a need to strengthen their guarantees both in ORD and in pre-trial proceedings and, in particular, due to the strengthening of departmental and judicial control and prosecutorial supervision of operational investigative activities and pre-trial proceedings. Key words: evidence, evidence, operational and investigative measures, the prosecution, guarantees of human rights, prosecutorial supervision, departmental control, judicial control.REFERENCES REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION
  1. Pro operatyvno-rozshukovu diialnist [On operational investigative activity] Zakon Ukrainy (1992) 22 Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy St. 303 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Pro rozviduvalni orhany Ukrainy [On intelligence agencies of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 22.03.2001 № 2331-III <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2331–14#Text> data zvernennia 27.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
  3. Pro kontrrozviduvalnu diialnist [On counterintelligence activities] Zakon Ukrainy vid 26.12.2002 № 374-IV <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/374–15#Text> data zvernennia 27.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Pro rozvidku [On intelligence] Zakon Ukrainy vid 17.09.2020 № 912-IX <https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/912–20#n442> data zvernennia 27.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
BIBLIOGRAPHY ARTICLES
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diialnist: problemy ta shliakhy yikh rozv’iazannia. Dodatok do vypusku № 3 Visnyk Luhanskoho derzh. un-tu vnutr. sprav im. E. O. Didorenka 21–30 [in Ukrainian].
  1. Pohoretskyi M A, Mekhanizm zabezpechennia prav uchasnykiv kryminalnoho protsesu [The Mechanism for Ensuring the Rights of Criminal Participants of the process] (2012) 4 Visnyk Zaporizkoho yurydychnoho instytutu DDUVS 93–101 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Pohoretskyi M A, Poniattia kryminalno-protsesualnykh harantii [Concept of criminal procedural guarantees] (2014) 2 Chasopys Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Ser.: Pravo <http://nbuv. gov.ua/UJRN/Choasp_2014_2_27> data zvernennia 25.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
  3. Pohoretskyi M, Prokuror u kryminalnomu protsesi: shchodo vyznachennia funktsii [Prosecutor in criminal proceedings: regarding the definition of functions] (2015) 6 Pravo Ukrainy 86–95 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Stashchak M V, Spivvidnoshennia poniat «operatyvno-rozshukove zabezpechennia kryminalnoho provadzhennia» ta «operatyvno-rozshukove suprovodzhennia kryminalnoho provadzhennia» [Correlation between the concepts of «operational and investigative support of criminal proceedings» and «operative and investigative support of criminal proceedings»] (2013) 4 (51) Pravo i bezpeka 117–123 [in Ukrainian].
  5. Shumylo M Ye, Teoretychnyi analiz dokazuvannia u kryminalnomu protsesi. Retsenziia na monohrafiiu Hmyrka V P Dokazuvannia v kryminalnomu protsesi: diialnisna paradyhma. Teoeretychnyi analiz. Problematyzatsiia. SMD-reprezentatsiia: monohrafiia (Dnipropetrovsk, Akad. mytnoi sluzhby Ukrainy) [Theoretical analysis of evidence in the criminal process. Review of the monograph by V. P. Hmyrka Evidence in the criminal process: activity paradigm. Theoretical analysis. Problematization. SMD-representation: monograph (Dnipropetrovsk, Acad. of the Customs Service of Ukraine)] (2011) 5 Pravo Ukrainy 348–351 [in Ukrainian].
  6. Servetskyi I V, Problemy teorii operatyvno-rozshukovykh zakhodiv [Problems of the theory of operative and investigative measures] (2002) 3 Naukovyi Visnyk NA VSU 51–59 [in Ukrainian].
  7. Servetskyi I V, Teoretychni zasady sutnosti i zmistu operatyvno-rozshukovykh zakhodiv [Theoretical principles of the essence and content of operational and investigative measures] (2007) 2–3 Visnyk Akademii upravlinnia MVS 78–88 <http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ucnavs_2007_2–3_8> data zvernennia 27.09.2022 [in Ukrainian].
  8. Trubnykov N N, O katehoryiakh «tsel», «sredstvo», «rezultat» [About the categories «goal», «means», «result»] (1968) Vyshcha shkola 20 [in Russian].
  9. Dolzhenkov O F, Dumko A F, Kozachenko I P, Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist yak pravookhoronna funktsiia kryminalnoi militsii [Operative and investigative activity as a law enforcement function of the criminal police] (Odesa: NDRVV OIVS, 2000) 14 [in Ukrainian].
  10. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [Functional assignment of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 576 [in Ukrainian].
  11. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-protsesualni pravovidnosyny: struktura isystema [Criminal procedural legal relations: structure and system] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2002) 59–60 [in Ukrainian].
  12. Pohoretskyi M A, Problemy vykorystannia materialiv operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti v kryminalnomu protsesi [Problems of using the materials of operative and investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kyiv, Vyd-vo NA SB Ukrainy, 2004) 236 [in Ukrainian].
  13. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukove zabezpechennia dosudovoho rozsliduvannia [Operative investigative support of pre-trial investigation] Mizhnarodna politseiska entsyklopediia: u 10 t. T. VI: Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist politsii (militsii) / red. V V Kovalenko, Ye V Moiseiev, V Ya Tatsii, Yu S Shemshuchenko (Kyiv, Atika, 2010) 613–616 [in Ukrainian].
  14. Pohoretskyi M A, Meta y zavdannia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti [The purpose and tasks of operational search activity]Mizhnarodna politseiska entsyklopediia: u 10 t. T. VI: Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist politsii (militsii). / vidp. red. V V Kovalenko, Ye V Moiseiev, V Ya Tatsii, Yu S Shemshuchenko (Kyiv, Atika, 2010) 440–444 [in Ukrainian].
  15. Pohoretskyi M A, Zasoby piznannia v operatyvno-rozshukovii diialnosti [Means of cognition in operational and investigative activity] Mizhnarodna politseiska entsyklopediia: u 10 t. T. VI: Operatyvnorozshukova diialnist politsii (militsii) / red. V V Kovalenko, Ye V Moiseiev, V Ya Tatsii, Yu S Shemshuchenko (Kyiv, Atika, 2010) 279–282 [in Ukrainian].
  16. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist i kryminalnyi protses: problemy vzaiemozv’iazku [Operative investigative activity and criminal process: problems of interconnection] u 2 ch. Ch. 1 (Luhansk, Luhanskyi derzh. un-t vnutr. sprav im. E. O. Didorenka, 2008) 132 [in Ukrainian].
  17. Prohrama navchalnoi dystsypliny «Pravovi osnovy operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti» (haluz znan 0304 «Pravo», osvitno-kvalifikatsiinyi riven «Mahistr», spetsialnist 8.03040101 «Pravoznavstvo») [The program of the study discipline «Legal foundations of investigative activity» (field of knowledge 0304 «Law», educational qualification level «Master’s», specialty 8.03040101 «Legal science»)] / uklad.: Yu M Hroshevyi, S O Hrynenko, O V Kaplina ta in. (Kharkiv, Nats. un-t «Iuryd. akad. Ukrainy im. Yaroslava Mudroho», 2013) 11[in Ukrainian].
  18. Shumylov A Yu, Yurydycheskye osnovы operatyvno-rozisknikh meropryiatyi [Legal basis of operative and investigative measures] (1999) 128 [in Russian].
  19. Shumylov A Yu, Kratkaia sisknaia entsyklopedyia: Deiatelnost operatyvno-rozisknaia, kontrrazvedivatelnaia, chastnaia sisknaia (detektyvnaia) [Brief investigative encyclopedia: Operativeinvestigative, counter-intelligence, private investigative (detective) activity] (2000) 79–81 [in Ukrainian].
  20. Servetskyi I V, Dashko V D, Naukovo-praktychnyi komentar Zakonu Ukrainy «Pro operatyvnorozshukovu diialnist». 3-tie vyd [Scientific and practical commentary on the Law of Ukraine «On operative investigative activity». 3rd edition] (Kyiv, Nats. akad. vnutr. sprav Ukrainy, 2006) 400 [in Ukrainian].
  21. Pohoretskyi M A, Problemy vykorystannia materialiv operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti v kryminalnomu protsesi [Problems of the use of materials of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kyiv, Vyd-vo NA SB Ukrainy, 2004) 85–92 [in Ukrainian].
CONFERENCE PAPERS
  1. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalno-protsesualni harantii: do vyznachennia poniattia [Criminal procedural guarantees: to the definition of the concept] Materialy II Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii «Malynovski chytannia» (m. Ostroh, 15–16 lystopada 2013 roku) (Ostroh, Vyd-vo Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia», 2013) 289–292 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Pohoretskyi M A, Sudovyi kontrol za dotrymanniam konstytutsiinykh prav liudyny u kryminalnomu protsesi ta operatyvno-rozshukovii diialnosti: stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku [Judicial control over the observance of constitutional human rights in criminal proceedings and investigative activities: status and prospects for development] Zabezpechennia prav i svobod liudyny v diialnosti orhaniv vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrainy za suchasnykh umov: materialy Mizhn. nauk-prakt. konf. (m. Kyiv, 4 hrud. 2009 r.) (Kyiv, DNDI MVS Ukrainy, 2009; Kharkiv, Prava liudyny, 2009) 302–306 [in Ukrainian].
  3. Pohoretskyi M A, Pytannia poperedzhennia zlochyniv proty zhyttia ta zdorov’ia osoby [The problem of preventing crimes against life and health of a person] Kryminalno-pravova okhorona zhyttia ta zdorov’ia osoby: materialy nauk. – prakt. konf. (m. Kharkiv, 22–23 kvit. 2004 r., NIuAU) (Kharkiv, 2004) 222–225 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Pohoretskyi M A, Povnovazhennia prokurora pry zdiisnenni nahliadu za operatyvno-rozshukovoiu diialnistiu [Powers of the prosecutor in the supervision of operational and investigative activities] Reformuvannia orhaniv prokuratury Ukrainy: problemy i perspektyvy: materialy. mizhn. nauk. – prakt. konf., 2–3 zhovt. 2006 r. (Kyiv, Vyd-vo Hen. prokuratury Ukrainy; Akad. prokuratury Ukrainy, 2007) 124–127 [in Ukrainian].
  5. Pohoretskyi M A, Konstytutsiia Ukrainy i problemy zabezpechennia prav osobystosti v operatyvnorozshukovii diialnosti [The Constitution of Ukraine and the problems of ensuring individual rights in investigative activities] Konstytutsiia Ukrainy – osnova modernizatsii suspilstva: materialy nauk. – prakt. konf. (m. Kharkiv 21–22 cherv. 2001 r.) (Kharkiv, Pravo, 2001) 371–374 [in Ukrainian].
  6. Pohoretskyi M A, Zabezpechennia osnovnykh prav i svobod liudyny v kryminalnomu protsesi Ukrainy, proholoshenykh u Zahalnii Deklaratsii prav ta svobod liudyny i zakriplenykh v Konstytutsii Ukrainy [Ensuring basic human rights and freedoms in the criminal process of Ukraine, proclaimed in the General Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms and enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine] Prava liudyny i pravova derzhava (Do 50-i richnytsi Zahalnoi deklaratsii prav liudyny): tezy dop. ta nauk. povidomlen nauk. konf. vyklad. skladu, 10–11 hrud. 1998 r. (Kharkiv, Nats. yuryd. akad. Ukrainy, 1998) 168–171 [in Ukrainian].
  7. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukove zabezpechennia kryminalnoho sudochynstva: poniattia ta sutnist [Operational investigative support of criminal justice: concept and essence] Pravova derzhava: istoriia, suchasnist ta perspektyvy formuvannia v Ukraini: III Vseukr. nauk. – prakt. konf. (m. Zaporizhzhia, 23 kvit. 2010 r.): materialy: u 2 ch. Ch. II. (Zaporizhzhia, Yuryd. in-t DDUVS, 2010) 104–107 [in Ukrainian].
  8. Pohoretskyi M A, Operatyvno-rozshukove zabezpechennia dosudovoho slidstva [Operative investigative support of pre-trial investigation] Slidcha diialnist: problemy teorii ta praktyky: materialy naukprakt. konf. ta kruhloho stolu (m. Dnipropetrovsk, DDUVS, 22 i 26 trav. 2008 r.) (Dnipropetrovsk, DDUVS, 2008) 162–165 [in Ukrainian].
  9. Pohoretskyi M A, Poperedzhennia zlochyniv zasobamy operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti
[Prevention of crimes by means of investigative activity] Poperedzhennia zlochyniv sub’iektamy operatyvnorozshukovoi diialnosti: materialy nauk.prakt. konf. (m. Kharkiv, 17 hrud. 2010 r.) (Kharkiv, KhNUVS, 2010) 13–15 [in Ukrainian].
  1. Pohoretskyi M A, Pytannia poperedzhennia sluzhbovykh zlochyniv u sferi hospodarskoi diialnosti operatyvno-rozshukovymy zakhodamy [The issue of prevention of official crimes in the field of economic activity by operational and investigative measures] Problemy zapobihannia sluzhbovym zlochynam u sferi hospodarskoi diialnosti: materialy nauk. – prakt. seminaru (m. Kharkiv, 9 lystop. 2004 r.) (Kyiv, Yurinkom Inter, 2005) 147–149 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Pohoretskyi M A, Poperedzhennia koruptsiinykh diian: orhanizatsiino-pravovi aspekty [Prevention of corruption: organizational and legal aspects] Vidpovidalnist posadovykh osib za koruptsiinu diialnist: zb. materialiv mizhn. nauk. – prakt. seminaru (11–12 trav. 2001 r.) (Kharkiv, Skhidno-rehion. tsentr humanitarnoosvitnikh initsiatyv, 2003) 101–104 [in Ukrainian].
  3. Pohoretskyi M A, Meta i zavdannia kryminalnoho protsesu v novomu KPK Ukrainy [The goal and task of the criminal process in the new Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Ukrainske pravosuddia: zdobutky ta perspektyvy: materialy Vseukr. nauk-prakt. konf. (m. Chernivtsi, 16 trav. 2008 r.) (Chernivtsi, Ruta, 2008) 363–368 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Pohoretskyi M A, Meta i zavdannia kryminalnoho protsesu [Purpose and tasks of the criminal process] Aktualni problemy kryminalnoho prava, protsesu ta kryminalistyky: materialy V Mizhnarodnoi naukovopraktychnoi konferentsii, prysviachena KhKh-richchiu Natsionalnoi akademii pravovykh nauk Ukrainy (m. Odesa, 1 lystopada 2013 r.) (Odesa, Feniks, 2013) 505–508 [in Ukrainian].
EDITED BOOKS
  1. Busel V T (red.), Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy [Large explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language] (Kyiv, Irpin: VTF «Perun», 2009) 1280 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Borodych L V (red.) Operatyvno-rozshukova diialnist orhaniv vnutrishnikh sprav. Zah. Chastyna [Operative and investigative activities of internal affairs bodies. General part] (Luhansk: RVV LIVS, 1999) 18 [in Ukrainian].

CONCERNING THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF THE OPERATIVE AND INVESTIGATIVE ENFORCEMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES BY THE PROSECUTING PARTY