Review

Abstract. Illegal enrichment is one of the most dangerous criminal offenses of corruption and represents a direct threat to the national security of Ukraine. The high latency of illegal enrichment as a social phenomenon calls into question the effectiveness of the existing system of means of combating corruption. This prompts all state institutions to respond in order to develop an effective technology for detecting, investigating and preventing illegal enrichment. The scientific toolkit of such a technology should become a proven method of investigating illegal enrichment, the main elements of which are at the stage of formation and verification by investigative practice. The purpose of the article is to propose a foundation for the development of the technology of investigation of illegal enrichment in modern conditions by conducting a review of the features of opening criminal proceedings in the presence of facts indicating the possibility of illegal enrichment, analysis of typical investigative situations and circumstances to be established, as well as determination of priority procedural actions and organizational measures at the initial stage of the investigation of illegal enrichment. The main results of the study demonstrate the peculiarities of the opening of criminal proceedings in the investigation of illegal enrichment, which include: the mandatory conclusion of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption based on the results of the verification of the person’s declaration, as well as the opening of proceedings not against the person, but on the fact of possible illegal enrichment. The identified features determine the typicality of the investigative situation of the initial stage of the investigation of illegal enrichment and allow us to formulate two typical investigative versions of the event under investigation, such as: illegal enrichment took place and illegal enrichment did not take place. The effectiveness of the investigation of illegal enrichment, as a crime of corruption, directly depends on the effectiveness of the initial stage of the investigation of this criminal offense. In turn, the initial stage of the investigation of illegal enrichment is characterized by the typicality and relative information certainty of the investigative situation, which, at the same time, is not favorable for the investigation. Active counteraction, which is resorted to by a person authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government, at all stages of the commission of illegal enrichment, significantly complicates the investigation. The main search and cognitive activity of the subject of the investigation during the implementation of a complex of organizational measures and procedural actions at the initial stage of the investigation of illegal enrichment is aimed at gathering evidence that would indicate the nature of the source of origin of the acquired assets (legal or illegal). Further evaluation of the collected evidence allows the subject of the investigation to either notify the relevant person on suspicion of illegal enrichment, or to make a decision to close the criminal proceedings. Key words: illegal enrichment, initial stage of the investigation, collection of evidence, opposition to the investigation. REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION  

1. Kryminalnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 05.04.2001 № 2341-III data zvernennia 10.12.2022 [in Ukrainian].
2. Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.04.2012 № 4651-VI data zvernennia10.12.2022 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pro zapobigannia koruptsii [On prevention of corruption] Zakon Ukrainy vid 14.10.2014 № 1700-VII data zvernennia10.12.2022 [in Ukrainian].

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [The functional purpose of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 460–497 [in Ukrainian].
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JOURNAL ARTICLES

1. Mazur A, Mezhi pochatkovogo etapu rozsliduvannia [Limits of the initial stage of the investigation] (2015) 61 Visnyk Lvivskogo Universytetu 435–441[in Ukrainian].
2. Morgun N S, Shevchuk O O, Marchevskyi S V, Vstanovlennia dzherel pohodzhennia aktyviv iak obstavyna iaka pidliagaie dokazuvanniu pid chas rozsliduvannia nezakonnogo zbagachennia [Establishing the sources of origin of assets as a circumstance to be proven during the investigation of illegal enrichment] (2022) 1(97) Visnyk LDUVS im. E O Didorenka 257–266 [in Ukrainian].
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5. Pohoretskyi M A, Slidchi dii: poniattia i klasyfikatsiia [Investigative actions: concepts and classification] (2008) 1 Nauk. visnyk Kyivskoho nats. un-tu vnutr. sprav 142–148 [in Ukrainian]. 11. Pohoretskyi M A, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii: problemy provadzhennia ta vykorystannia rezultativ u dokazuvanni [Covert investigative (search) actions: problems of proceedings and use of results in evidence] (2013) 1 Yurydychnyi chasopys Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 270–277 [in Ukrainian].
6. Pohoretskyi M A, Serhieieva D B, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii ta operatyvno-rozshukovi zakhody: poniattia, sutnist i spivvidnoshennia [Covert investigative (search) actions and operative-search measures: concept, essence and relationship] (2014) 2 (33) Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 137–141 [in Ukrainian].
7. Pohoretskyi M, Bahanets О Obshuk osoby u kriminalnyh provadzhenniah shchodo pryiniattia propozytsii, obitsiankyabo oderzhannia nepravomirnoi vygody sluzhbovoiu osoboiu [Search of a person in criminal proceedings regarding the acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an illegal benefit by an official] (2017) 12 Pravo Ukrainy 62–73 [in Ukrainian].
8. Pohoretskyi M A, Teoriia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia: problemni pytannia [Theory of criminal procedural evidence: problematic issues] (2014) 10 Pravo Ukrainy 12–25 [in Ukrainian].
9. Pohoretskyi M A, Nova kontseptsiia kryminalnoho protsesualnoho dokazuvannia [New concept of criminal procedural evidence] (2015) 3 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva Ukrainy 63–79 [in Ukrainian].
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11. Shepitko V Yu, Shevchuk V M, Bilous V V, Keryk L I Systema zahodiv protydii nezakonnomu zbagachenniu v suchasnyh umovah [System of measures against illegal enrichment in modern conditions] (2016) 16 Teoriia ta praktyka sudovoi eksperrtyzy i kryminalistyky 5–16 [in Ukrainian].

WEBSITES

1. Pidozry u deklaruvanni nedostovirnoi informatsii mozhut gruntuvatysia tilky na vysnovkakh natsahentstva [Suspicions of the declaration of unreliable information can be based only on the conclusions of the national agency] (2019) [in Ukrainian].
2. NAZK vyiavylo oznaky nezakonnogo zbagachennia shchodo narodnogo deputata, druzhyna iakogo vyvezla pid chas viiny za kordon ponad 500 tys.dol. SSHA: OGP vidkryv kryminalne provadzhennia [NAZK revealed signs of illegal enrichment in relation to a people’s deputy, whose wife took more than 500,000 dollars abroad during the war. USA: OGP has opened criminal proceedings] (2022) data zvernennia 10.12.2022 [in Ukrainian].
3. NAZK otrymue vid Derzhmytsluzhby ta mytnyh organiv krain Evropy dani, iaki dozvoliaiut vyiavliaty nezakonnu gotivku u posadovtsiv, shcho peretynaiut kordon [NAZK receives data from the State Customs Service and customs authorities of European countries that will allow detection of illegal cash from officials crossing the borde] (2022) data zvernennia 10.12.2022 [in Ukrainian].