Анотація

Annotation. The scientific work draws attention to the correlations of the forensic characteristics of offenses based on the facts of forged covid-documents and their use during pre-trial investigation. In particular, such meaningful elements as: the identity of the criminal, the identity of the victim, the subject of the criminal offense, the circumstances of the crime, the methods of the crime and the trail picture are highlighted. The purpose of this article is to study current issues of forensic characterization of offenses related to the falsification of covid documentation. The methods of committing offenses are analyzed, the most typical of them are indicated, in particular, which consist in directly entering false information into the electronic database and issuing certificates and certificates to persons who do not have the right to receive them due to failure to undergo manipulations. And those that require careful preparation (purchase of technical equipment for the production of falsified documents, samples of real forms, seals, creation of programs imitating the work of «Action», searching for clients). The identity of the criminal is highlighted through a set of data on the subject’s socio-demographic, psychophysical, psychological, biological and other characteristics, his industrial, domestic, socio-legal characteristics. It is noted that the identity of the criminal is represented not only by medical personnel, managers of health care institutions me, but also by citizens who work in hospitals in non-medical positions or are not related to the medical field, and act through the Internet independently or in collusion with doctors, nurses, etc. It is emphasized that, in most cases, illegal actions are committed in complicity – by a group of persons with a prior conspiracy or an organized group. It has been proven that the forensic investigation of the identity of the criminal in criminal proceedings related to the falsification of covid documentation determines other elements of forensic characteristics (method, place, time) and should be taken into account for the detection and prevention of offenses. The trace pattern of the investigated offenses was investigated through the coverage of material, virtual and imaginary traces. The peculiarities of the situation of the offense and the subject of the criminal offense were considered. All mentioned achievements are confirmed by statistical data and practical examples. Key words: pandemic, coronavirus, health care facilities, covid certificates, identity of the criminal, forensic characteristics, forgery of documents. REFERENCES LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS LEGISLATION

1. Kryminalno-protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 28.12.1960 (1961) 2 Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady 15 [in Ukrainian].
2. Kryminalnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Code of Ukraine] Zakon Ukrainy vid 05.04.2001 № 2341-III data zvernennia 04.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
3. Yedynyi derzhavnyi reiestr sudovykh rishen [Only state register of court decisions] data zvernennia 04.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].
4. Ofitsiinyi sait Natsionalnoi politsii Ukrainy [Official web-site of the National police of Ukraine]. URL: www.npu.gov.ua/news/Informacziya [in Ukrainian].
5. Ukhvala Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 06.03.2018 u spravi № 243/6674/17-k data zvernennia 04.05.2022 [in Ukrainian].

BIBLIOGRAPHY AUTHORED BOOKS

1. Bidniak H S, Teoriia i praktyka vykorystannia spetsialnykh znan pry rozsliduvanni shakhraistv [Theory and practice of using special knowledge in fraud investigation] (Dnipro, Dnipropetrovskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav, 2019) 170 [in Ukrainian].
2. Matusovskyi H A, Ekonomycheskye prestuplenyia: krymynalystycheskyi analyz [Economic crimes: Forensic analysis] (Kharkov, Konsul, 2009) 480 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Funktsionalne pryznachennia operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu protsesi [The functional purpose of investigative activity in the criminal process] (Kharkiv, Arsis LTD, 2007) 576 [in Ukrainian].
4. Rozsliduvannia okremykh vydiv zlochyniv [Investigation of certain types of crimes] M A Pohoretskyi, O V Byshevets, D B Serhieieva ta in.; za red. M A Pohoretskoho ta D B Serhieievoi (Kyiv, Alerta, 2015) 536 [in Ukrainian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Vakulyk O O, Serhieieva D B, Rozsliduvannia ekonomichnykh zlochyniv [Investigation of economic crimes] (Kyiv, Dakor, 2014) 176 [in Ukrainian].
6. Saltevskyi M V, Kryminalistyka [Criminalistics] (Kharkiv, Konsum, 2001) 528 [in Ukrainian].
7. Stepaniuk R L, Kryminalistychne zabezpechennia rozsliduvannia zlochyniv, vchynenykh u biudzhetnii sferi Ukrainy [Forensic support of the investigation of crimes committed in the budget sphere of Ukraine] za zah. red. A F Volobuieva; Khark. nats. un-t vnutr. sprav (Xarkiv, NikaNova, 2012) 382 [in Ukrainian].
8. Volobuiev A F, Problemy metodyky rozsliduvannia rozkradan maina v sferi pidpryiemnytstva [Problems of the method of investigation of theft of property in the field of entrepreneurship] (Kharkiv, Vyd-vo un-tu vnutr. sprav, 2000) 336 [in Ukrainian].

EDITED BOOKS

1. Rozsliduvannia zainiattia hralnym biznesom [Investigating employment in the gaming business] / Pohoretskyi M A, Cherniavskyi S S, Serhieieva D B, Toporetska Z M; za red. prof. M A Pohoretskoho (Kyiv, Alerta, 2015) 176 [in Ukrainian].
2. Rozsliduvannia okremykh vydiv zlochyniv [Investigation of certain types of crime] / M A Pohoretskyi, O V Byshevets, D B Serhieieva ta in.; za red. M A Pohoretskoho ta D B Serhieievoi (Kyiv, Alerta, 2015) 23–502 [in Ukrainian].

ARTICLES

1. Naidon Ya, Poniattia ta klasyfikatsiia virtualnykh slidiv kiberzlochyniv [Concept and classification of virtual traces of cybercrimes.] (2019) 5 Naukovyi zhurnal «Pidpryiemstvo, hospodarstvo i pravo» 304–307. (in Ukrainian) [in Ukrainian].
2. Pohoretskyi M A, Pochatok dosudovoho rozsliduvannia: okremi problemni pytannia [The beginning of the pre-trial investigation: certain problematic issues] (2015) 1 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 93–103 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pohoretskyi M A, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii: problemy provadzhennia ta vykorystannia rezultativ u dokazuvanni [Covert investigative (search) actions: problems of proceedings and use of results in evidence] (2013) 1 Yurydychnyi chasopys Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 270–277 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pohoretskyi M, Shelomentsev V, Operatyvno-roshukova diialnist u kiberprostori [Operative and investigative activities in cyberspace] (2011) 3 Visnyk prokuratury 58–63 [in Ukrainian].
5. Pohoretskyi M A, Shelomentsev V P, Kiberzlochyny: do vyznachennia poniattia [Cybercrimes: to the definition of the concept] (2012) 8 Visnyk prokuratury 89–96 [in Ukrainian].

CONFERENCE PAPERS

1. Pohoretskyi M A, Kryminalistychne zabezpechennia dosudovoho provadzhennia: problemy teorii ta praktyky [Forensic support of pre-trial proceedings: problems of theory and practice] Suchasni problemy kryminalistyky: materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii prysviachena 100 richchiu z dnia narodzhennia d.yu.n., prof. V. P. Kolmakova (m. Odesa, 27–28 veresnia) (Odesa, 2013) 250–253 [in Ukrainian].

DISSERTATION

1. Bidniak V A, Vykorystannia spetsialnykh znan pid chas rozsliduvannia zlochyniv, pov’iazanykh iz derzhavnym finansuvanniam v haluzi okhorony zdorov’ia [Use of special knowledge during the investigation of crimes related to state funding in the field of health care] (dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv, 2020) 264 [in Ukrainian].
2. Kalman O H, Zlochynnist u sferi ekonomiky Ukrainy: teoretychni ta prykladni problemy poperedzhennia [Crime in the sphere of the economy of Ukraine: theoretical and applied problems of prevention] (dys. … d-ra yuryd. nauk: 12.00.08, Kharkiv, 2004) 430 [in Ukrainian].
3. Pysarchuk I V, Orhanizatsiino-pravovi osnovy diialnosti operatyvnykh pidrozdiliv u protydii netsilovomu vykorystanniu biudzhetnykh koshtiv sluzhbovymy osobamy [Organizational and legal bases of the activity of operative units in countering the misuse of budget funds by officials] (dys…k.yu.n: 12.00.09. Natsionalnyi universytet «Lvivska politekhnika», Lviv, 2017) 251 [in Ukrainian].